Diagnoses of sample.

Mind-wandering is an essential cognitive process in which people engage for 30–50% of their waking day and is highly associated with neuroticism. The current study identified the factor structure of retrospective self-report items related to mind-wandering and perseverative cognition content and explored these associations with neuroticism. In an adult community sample (N = 309), items from the NYC Cognition Questionnaire, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire Short Form, and the Rumination Responses Brooding Subscale were entered into factor analyses to test the optimal factor structure of these items. We employed a structural model to investigate associations of mind-wandering facets with neuroticism. A correlated three factor solution best fit the data (CFI = .94, TLI = .93, SRMR = .07, RMSEA = .07). Bifactor models failed to provide evidence for a general mind-wandering construct above and beyond variance explained by mind-wandering and perseverative cognition facets. The structural model revealed differential associations of each facet with neuroticism. A wandering mind is not always an unhappy mind. Whereas worry and rumination are associated with higher levels of neuroticism, mind-wandering has other components that relate to positively valenced cognition and lower neuroticism. Adaptive and maladaptive mind-wandering should be tested together in future studies of personality and psychopathology.心智游移（mind-wandering）是人类清醒时段30%~50%的时间内都会参与的核心认知过程，且与神经质（neuroticism）密切相关。本研究明确了与心智游移及持续性认知（perseverative cognition）内容相关的回顾性自我报告条目之因子结构，并探讨了其与神经质的关联。在成人社区样本（N=309）中，研究者将来自纽约认知问卷（NYC Cognition Questionnaire）、宾夕法尼亚州担忧问卷简版（Penn State Worry Questionnaire Short Form）以及反刍思维反应沉思分量表（Rumination Responses Brooding Subscale）的条目纳入因子分析，以检验这些条目的最优因子结构。本研究采用结构模型探究心智游移各维度与神经质的关联。相关三因子模型对数据的拟合效果最优（比较拟合指数CFI=0.94，塔克-刘易斯指数TLI=0.93，标准化残差均方根SRMR=0.07，近似误差均方根RMSEA=0.07）。双因子模型未能证明存在超越心智游移与持续性认知维度所解释变异的通用心智游移构念。结构模型揭示了各维度与神经质的差异化关联。游荡的心智并非总是伴随不快的心境。担忧与反刍思维与更高水平的神经质相关，而心智游移还包含与正性效价认知及较低神经质相关的其他成分。未来有关人格与精神病理学的研究中，应同时考察适应性与非适应性心智游移。