Fuel driven sorption heat pumps: overview of the technology, market and system performance.

A number of recent publications and studies identify fuel driven sorption heat pumps (FSHP) as a promising technology for heating and DHW preparation in residential buildings. The technology is seen by many as the next step in the development of fossil fuel heating systems. It can considerably increase the energy efficiency and usage of renewable energy sources while decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, compared with current state-of-the-art. With expected net decarbonisation of gas grid by increasing biogas production and development of power-to-gas concepts, the FSHP, especially gas-fired heat pumps, may further gain in importance. Presently, vapour compression heat pumps are dominating the heat pump market. However, in gas and/or oil dominating heating markets, FSHP can rapidly improve the carbon footprint of heating systems, especially in the retrofit segment which makes around three quarters of the overall heating market. A number of products are offered by different manufacturers with more expected to enter the market in the short to mid-term period. Still, there are several challenges the technology is currently facing, both technical and non-technical. The paper provides results of a comprehensive simulation study of the future German energy system with emphasis on the role of gas-fired heat pumps (GHP) as part of the solution to substantially reduce greenhouse
gas emissions. It gives an overview of current market products and on-going development work. A comparison regarding acquisition and operational costs for different technologies is given with conclusions regarding development work needed to reach better market penetration for sorption technologies. Finally, the goals and structure of IEA HPT Annex 43 is shortly presented.

近期多项学术研究与公开文献均将燃料驱动吸附式热泵（fuel driven sorption heat pumps, FSHP）认定为住宅建筑供暖与生活热水（Domestic Hot Water, DHW）制备领域极具应用前景的技术方案。该技术被业内广泛视为化石燃料供暖系统迭代升级的核心发展方向。相较于当前主流技术，其可显著提升能源利用效率与可再生能源消纳比例，同时大幅降低温室气体排放。随着通过提升沼气产量与推广电转气（power-to-gas）技术实现燃气电网的净脱碳，燃料驱动吸附式热泵，尤其是燃气热泵（gas-fired heat pumps, GHP），其市场重要性或将进一步提升。当前，蒸汽压缩式热泵占据全球热泵市场的主导地位。然而在以燃气或燃油为主导的供暖市场中，燃料驱动吸附式热泵可快速优化供暖系统的碳足迹表现，尤其在占据整体供暖市场约四分之三的既有建筑改造细分赛道中优势突出。目前已有多家厂商推出相关产品，预计中短期内将有更多同类产品进入市场。尽管前景广阔，该技术目前仍面临多项技术与非技术层面的挑战。本研究针对未来德国能源系统开展了全面模拟分析，重点探讨了燃气热泵作为大幅降低温室气体排放解决方案的核心支撑作用。报告系统梳理了当前市场在售产品与正在推进的研发进展，对比了不同供暖技术的购置与运维成本，并针对吸附式热泵技术需开展的研发方向提出结论，以助力其提升市场渗透率。最后，本文简要介绍了国际能源署热泵技术分会（IEA HPT）第43号附件的目标与架构。