Different development status of gut microbiome link to the dysbiosis of gut ecosystem in early childhood with atopic dermatitis

Gut microbiome in early childhood can play important role in allergic diseases, but the comprehensive understanding of microbiome-human crosstalk is limited. We analyzed the development of gut microbiome during early life and compared them between infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) and without AD. The maturation of gut microbiome was higher at early ages (6-12 months) and lower at later ages (13-36 months) in childhood with AD. The influence of gut microbiome on the AD was not caused by single taxa throughout early life but caused by the development status. Dysregulated development of gut microbiome leaded to the dysbiosis of functional gene features and short-chain fatty acids profiles along age. Dysbiosis of gut microbiome in AD groups during early life could be causation or resultant of continuously symbiosis between gut microbiome and host. Our results advanced the hypothesis about the microbiome-host interactions in AD during early life.

儿童早期肠道微生物组（gut microbiome）在过敏性疾病的发生发展中发挥关键作用，但目前学界对微生物组-宿主互作（microbiome-human crosstalk）尚缺乏全面认知。本研究分析了生命早期肠道微生物组的发育动态，并对比了特应性皮炎（atopic dermatitis，AD）患儿与健康婴幼儿的肠道微生物组发育特征。研究发现，AD患儿的肠道微生物组成熟度在早期阶段（6~12月龄）高于健康儿童，而在后期阶段（13~36月龄）则低于健康儿童。生命早期肠道微生物组对AD的影响并非由单一微生物分类群介导，而是取决于菌群整体的发育状态。肠道微生物组发育异常会随年龄增长引发功能基因特征与短链脂肪酸谱的菌群失调。生命早期AD组患儿的肠道微生物组失调，既可能是肠道微生物组与宿主持续共生互作的诱因，也可能是该互作过程的结果。本研究结果进一步完善了生命早期AD中微生物组-宿主互作的相关假说。