<p>The description of global network parameters.</p>

Long-term motor training is thought to reshape brain organization, yet how golf expertise influences large-scale brain networks remains unclear. Using T1-weighted MRI and an individualized structural covariance network (SCN) approach, we compared 20 expert golfers, 20 novice golfers, and 20 non-golfer controls. Experts showed higher global clustering coefficient and local efficiency than novices, indicating enhanced modular processing. At the nodal level, experts exhibited increased clustering in regions supporting visual–sensorimotor integration (e.g., right supramarginal gyrus, Heschl’s gyrus, and left middle temporal pole), alongside reduced global efficiency in the left calcarine cortex and altered path length in the right cerebellum. Importantly, the clustering coefficient mediated the association between training duration and stroke accuracy. These cross-sectional findings suggest that extensive golf training is linked to a brain network reconfiguration that favors local specialization over global integration—potentially supporting the refined sensorimotor control required in elite performance. This study advances understanding of experience-dependent neuroplasticity by integrating individualized network analysis with behavioral outcomes in motor expertise.长期运动训练被认为可重塑大脑组织，但高尔夫专业技能如何影响大规模脑网络仍有待阐明。本研究采用T1加权磁共振成像（T1-weighted MRI）与个体化结构协变网络（structural covariance network, SCN）分析方法，对20名专业高尔夫球手、20名高尔夫新手及20名非高尔夫爱好者对照群体进行了对比分析。相较于高尔夫新手，专业球手展现出更高的全局聚类系数与局部效率，提示其模块化信息处理能力得到增强。在节点水平上，专业球手在支持视觉-感觉运动整合的脑区（如右侧缘上回、赫歇尔回（Heschl’s gyrus）及左侧颞极中部）的聚类程度显著提升，同时左侧距状皮层的全局效率降低，右侧小脑的路径长度发生特异性改变。值得注意的是，聚类系数在训练时长与击球精准度之间发挥了中介效应。本项横断面研究结果表明，长期大量的高尔夫训练与脑网络重构存在显著关联，这种重构更偏向局部专业化而非全局整合，或可支撑精英运动表现所需的精细化感觉运动控制。本研究通过将个体化网络分析与运动技能领域的行为结果相结合，深化了对经验依赖性神经可塑性的认知。