Soil test results Table 1.

This study systematically investigates the failure mechanism of interfacial landslides through experimental validation and engineering applications of interfacial asperity theory. An innovative scaled physical modeling approach was developed, incorporating artificially prefabricated asperities along the sliding interface. Using 3D laser scanning to monitor slope deformation, the physical experiments provide the first direct evidence linking asperity rupture to landslide initiation. The interfacial asperity theory proves particularly effective in analyzing the three recurrent landslides along the Hushuo Expressway (2012–2017), where conventional engineering treatments failed, as all cases exhibited characteristic interfacial sliding mechanisms. The results reveal the nonlinear slip mechanisms of interfacial landslides: the first failure was controlled by asperities at the slope toe, the second by asperities at the slope crest, and the third by structural asperities. Due to post-failure excavation at the site, numerical simulations were employed to reconstruct the failure process, successfully reproducing the controlling effects of different asperity types on landslide evolution. The study also proposes the concept of targeted monitoring and early warning for interfacial landslides.The findings offer a novel theoretical perspective for understanding the progressive failure mechanisms of interfacial landslides and provide critical insights for the design of landslide mitigation measures.本研究通过实验验证与界面糙凸起（interfacial asperity）理论的工程应用，系统探究了界面滑坡的失稳机制。研究团队研发了创新的缩尺物理模拟方法，在滑动界面内植入人工预制的糙凸起。采用三维激光扫描技术监测边坡变形，该物理实验首次直接证实了糙凸起破裂与滑坡启动之间的因果关联。界面糙凸起理论在分析呼朔高速公路（Hushuo Expressway）2012至2017年间发生的三处复发性滑坡时效果尤为显著——此类滑坡曾令常规工程治理手段失效，且所有案例均表现出典型的界面滑动机制。研究结果揭示了界面滑坡的非线性滑移机制：第一起滑坡由坡脚糙凸起控制，第二起由坡顶糙凸起控制，第三起则由结构性糙凸起主导。由于滑坡发生后场地存在后期开挖作业，本研究采用数值模拟手段重构失稳全过程，成功复现了不同类型糙凸起对滑坡演化的控制作用。本研究还提出了界面滑坡针对性监测与预警的概念。本研究成果为理解界面滑坡渐进式失稳机制提供了全新的理论视角，同时为滑坡防治工程的设计提供了关键参考依据。