Manually interpreted reference data on forest disturbances across Europe

Description

Disturbance reference data collected via TimeSync (Cohen et al. 2010) for 19,996 plots across 35 countries in continental Europe. The exact methods and response design are described in Senf et al. 2018 and Senf et al. 2020.

A NOTE OF CAUTION: While we recorded an agent label (i.e., the cause of disturbance, including harvest, biotic, breakage, fire), the agent attribution is highly unreliable and depends strongly on the availability of high resolution imagery during interpretation.

Columns

- plotid: a country-specific id (i.e., starting with 1 for each country)
- country: the country the plots are located in
- x_coord: x-coordinate in ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe (epsg:3035)
- y_coord: y-coordinate in ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe (epsg:3035)
- disturbance_n: number of disturbances detected during the period 1986-2018 (maximum of 3; 0 if not disturbance detected)
- year_disturbance_1: Year of the first disturbance detected (NA if no disturbance detected)
- year_disturbance_2: Year of the second disturbance detected (NA if only one disturbance detected)
- year_disturbance_3: Year of the third disturbance detected (NA if only one or two disturbance(s) detected)
- agent_disturbance_1: Agent of the first disturbance (NA if no disturbance detected; SEE NOTE OF CAUTION!)
- agent_disturbance_2: Agent of the second disturbance detected (NA if only one disturbance detected)
- agent_disturbance_3: Agent of the third disturbance detected (NA if only one or two disturbance(s) detected)
- severity_disturbance_1: Severity of the first disturbance, expressed as stand-replacing (SR; all canopy removed during disturbance event leading to non-treed land cover) or non-stand-replacing (NSR; residual canopy cover after disturbances leading to treed land cover). NA if not disturbance detected.
- severity_disturbance_2: Severity of the second disturbance (see description above; NA if only one disturbance detected)
- severity_disturbance_3: Severity of the first disturbance (see description above; NA if only one or two disturbance(s) detected)

References

Cohen, W.B., Yang, Z., Kennedy, R., 2010. Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series: 2. TimeSync — Tools for calibration and validation. Remote Sensing of Environment 114, 2911–2924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.07.010

Senf, C., Pflugmacher, D., Zhiqiang, Y., Sebald, J., Knorrn, J., Neumann, M., Hostert, P., Seidl, R., 2018. Canopy mortality has doubled across Europe’s temperate forests in the last three decades. Nature Communications 9, 4978. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07539-6

Senf, C., Sebald, J., and Seidl, R. (2020) Increasing canopy mortality affects the future demographic structure of Europe’s forests. One Earth, 4, 749–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.008

本数据集为通过TimeSync（Cohen等，2010）采集的干扰参考数据，覆盖欧洲大陆35个国家的19996个样地。具体研究方法与响应设计详见Senf等2018年及Senf等2020年的研究成果。

重要提示：尽管我们记录了干扰因子标签（即干扰成因，包括采伐、生物干扰、折断、火灾），但干扰因子的归因结果极不可靠，且高度依赖解译过程中高分辨率影像的可获取性。

数据字段：
- plotid（样地ID）：各国专属标识符，即每个国家的样地ID均从1开始计数
- country（国家）：样地所在国家
- x_coord（x坐标）：采用ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe（epsg:3035）投影的x坐标
- y_coord（y坐标）：采用ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe（epsg:3035）投影的y坐标
- disturbance_n（干扰总次数）：1986-2018年期间检测到的干扰总次数，最多为3次；未检测到干扰则记为0
- year_disturbance_1（首次干扰发生年份）：首次检测到干扰的年份，未检测到干扰则为NA
- year_disturbance_2（第二次干扰发生年份）：第二次检测到干扰的年份，仅检测到1次干扰则为NA
- year_disturbance_3（第三次干扰发生年份）：第三次检测到干扰的年份，仅检测到1或2次干扰则为NA
- agent_disturbance_1（首次干扰因子）：首次干扰的成因，未检测到干扰则为NA；详见重要提示！
- agent_disturbance_2（第二次干扰因子）：第二次干扰的成因，仅检测到1次干扰则为NA
- agent_disturbance_3（第三次干扰因子）：第三次干扰的成因，仅检测到1或2次干扰则为NA
- severity_disturbance_1（首次干扰烈度）：首次干扰的烈度，分为林分替代型（SR：干扰事件中所有冠层被移除，导致土地覆被变为非林地）与非林分替代型（NSR：干扰后仍残留冠层覆盖，土地覆被仍为林地）。未检测到干扰则为NA。
- severity_disturbance_2（第二次干扰烈度）：第二次干扰的烈度，详见上述说明；仅检测到1次干扰则为NA
- severity_disturbance_3（第三次干扰烈度）：第三次干扰的烈度，详见上述说明；仅检测到1或2次干扰则为NA

参考文献：
1. Cohen, W.B., Yang, Z., Kennedy, R., 2010. 利用年度Landsat时间序列检测森林干扰与恢复趋势：2. TimeSync——校准与验证工具。《环境遥感》（Remote Sensing of Environment）114, 2911–2924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.07.010
2. Senf, C., Pflugmacher, D., Zhiqiang, Y., Sebald, J., Knorrn, J., Neumann, M., Hostert, P., Seidl, R., 2018. 近三十年来欧洲温带森林冠层死亡率翻倍。《自然-通讯》（Nature Communications）9, 4978. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07539-6
3. Senf, C., Sebald, J., Seidl, R., 2020. 冠层死亡率上升影响欧洲森林未来种群结构。《One Earth》（一个地球）4, 749–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.008