DataSheet_1_In Vitro Hepatoprotective and Human Gut Microbiota Modulation of Polysaccharide-Peptides in Pleurotus citrinopileatus.zip

Pleurotus citrinopileatus, a golden oyster mushroom, is popular in Asia and has pharmacological functions. However, the effects of polysaccharide-peptides extracted from Pleurotus citrinopileatus and underlying mechanism on digestive systme have not yet been clarified. Here, we determined the composition of two polysaccharide-peptides (PSI and PSII) from P. citrinopileatus and investigated the protective effects of on hepatoprotective and gut microbiota. The results showed that PSI and PSII were made up of similar monosaccharide moieties, except for the varying ratios. Furthermore, PSI and PSII showed that they have the hepatoprotective effects and significantly increased the viabilities and cellular total superoxide dismutase activities increased significantly in HepG2 cells. Intracellular triglyceride content and extracellular alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase contents markedly decreased following treatment with 40 and 50 μg/mL PSI and PSII, respectively. Moreover, PSI and PSII activated the adiponectin pathway and reduced lipid accumulation in liver cells. PSI and PSII elevated short-chain fatty acid concentrations, especially butyric and acetic acids. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that PSI promoted the relative abundances of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, as well as Prevotella generas in the gut. PSII markedly suppressed the relative abundances of Escherichia-Shigella and Bacteroides generas. We speculate that the PSI and PSII play a role through liver-gut axis system. Polysaccharide-peptides metabolize by gut microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and in turn influence liver functions.

金顶侧耳（Pleurotus citrinopileatus）俗称黄金蚝菇（golden oyster mushroom），在亚洲地区广受欢迎且具备多种药理活性。然而，从金顶侧耳中提取的多糖肽（polysaccharide-peptides）及其对消化系统的作用与潜在机制尚未阐明。本研究鉴定了金顶侧耳来源的两种多糖肽（PSI与PSII）的组成成分，并探究了二者的保肝作用与肠道菌群调控效应。结果显示，PSI与PSII的单糖组成相似，但各单糖比例存在差异。进一步实验表明，PSI与PSII可显著提升HepG2细胞的存活率及细胞总超氧化物歧化酶活性。经40 μg/mL和50 μg/mL浓度的PSI与PSII分别处理后，细胞内甘油三酯含量及细胞外谷丙转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase）、谷草转氨酶（aspartate transaminase）水平均显著降低。此外，PSI与PSII可激活脂联素通路，减少肝细胞内脂质堆积。二者还可提升短链脂肪酸（short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs）的浓度，尤以丁酸与乙酸最为突出。16S核糖体RNA（16S rRNA）基因测序分析显示，PSI可促进肠道内双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacteria）、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、粪杆菌属（Faecalibacterium）及普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）的相对丰度；PSII则显著抑制埃希氏菌-志贺氏菌属（Escherichia-Shigella）与拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）的相对丰度。我们推测，PSI与PSII可通过肝-肠轴系统发挥生物学功能：多糖肽可经肠道菌群代谢生成短链脂肪酸，进而调节肝脏功能。