Data Sheet 1_Exploring self-rated health, physical activity, and social anxiety among female Chinese university students: a variable- and person-centered analysis.docx

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is a significant public health issue among female college students. This study aimed to explore the complex relationship between self-rated health (SRH), social anxiety (SA), and physical activity (PA) in a sample of female Chinese university students, employing both variable-centered and person-centered approaches.
MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 1,452 female Chinese university students who completed the Self-Perceived Health Scale (to measure SRH), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale–6 and the Social Phobia Scale–6 (to measure SA), and a validated single-item measure of PA (to measure PA). First, a mediation model was used to test the indirect effect of SRH on PA through SA. Second, Latent Profile Analysis was conducted to identify distinct subgroups based on individuals’ SRH and SA levels. Finally, ANOVA was used to examine PA differences across the identified profiles.
ResultsThe mediation analysis revealed that SA partially mediated the relationship between SRH and PA, accounting for 12% of the total effect (CI [0.011, 0.090]). The Latent Profile Analysis identified three distinct profiles: “Healthy-Resilient” (21.62%), characterized by high SRH and low SA; “Moderate-Adapting” (70.39%), with average SRH and SA; and “Unhealthy-Anxious” (7.99%), with low SRH and high SA. The “Unhealthy-Anxious” group reported significantly lower levels of PA than the other two groups.
ConclusionOur findings suggest that SA is a significant psychological mechanism linking SRH to PA among female Chinese university students. From a public health perspective, these findings highlight the importance of addressing mental health factors, such as SA, in interventions designed to promote PA in this population. The identification of distinct subgroups underscores the need for tailored interventions over one-size-fits-all approaches.

研究背景
身体活动不足是女大学生群体中一项突出的公共卫生问题。本研究以中国女大学生为研究对象，采用以变量为中心和以个体为中心的两种分析方法，探讨自我健康评价（self-rated health, SRH）、社交焦虑（social anxiety, SA）与身体活动（physical activity, PA）之间的复杂关联。

研究方法
本研究采用横断面调查设计，纳入1452名中国女大学生作为研究样本，所有参与者均完成以下测评：用于评估自我健康评价的自我感知健康量表（Self-Perceived Health Scale）、用于评估社交焦虑的社交互动焦虑量表-6项版（Social Interaction Anxiety Scale–6）与社交恐惧量表-6项版（Social Phobia Scale–6），以及经过效度验证的单条目身体活动测评工具。首先，构建中介模型检验社交焦虑在自我健康评价对身体活动的影响中发挥的间接效应；其次，开展潜在剖面分析（Latent Profile Analysis, LPA），基于个体的自我健康评价与社交焦虑水平划分异质性亚组；最后，采用方差分析（Analysis of Variance, ANOVA）比较不同亚组间的身体活动水平差异。

研究结果
中介分析结果显示，社交焦虑在自我健康评价与身体活动的关联中起部分中介作用，中介效应占总效应的12%（置信区间CI [0.011, 0.090]）。潜在剖面分析共识别出3个异质性亚组：①「健康韧性型（Healthy-Resilient）」，占比21.62%，特征为自我健康评价水平高、社交焦虑水平低；②「适度适应型（Moderate-Adapting）」，占比70.39%，自我健康评价与社交焦虑水平均处于中等水平；③「不健康焦虑型（Unhealthy-Anxious）」，占比7.99%，特征为自我健康评价水平低、社交焦虑水平高。相较于其余两个亚组，「不健康焦虑型」群体的身体活动水平显著更低。

研究结论
本研究结果表明，社交焦虑是中国女大学生群体中自我健康评价与身体活动之间关联的重要心理中介机制。从公共卫生视角来看，本研究结果凸显了在针对该群体的身体活动促进干预中，关注社交焦虑这类心理健康因素的重要性；同时，异质性亚组的识别也提示，相较于一刀切的通用干预方案，个体化定制的干预措施更具必要性。