The tectonic evolution of the Arctic since Pangea breakup

This data collection is associated with the publication: Shephard, G. E., Müller, R. D., & Seton, M. (2013). The tectonic evolution of the Arctic since Pangea breakup: Integrating constraints from surface geology and geophysics with mantle structure. Earth-Science Reviews, 124(0), 148-183. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.05.012Publication AbstractThe tectonic evolution of the circum-Arctic, including the northern Pacific, Siberian and North American margins, since the Jurassic has been punctuated by the opening and closing of ocean basins, the accretion of autochthonous and allochthonous terranes and associated deformation. This complexity is expressed in the uncertainty of plate tectonic models of the region, with the time-dependent configurations and kinematic history remaining poorly understood. The age, location, geometry and convergence rates of the subduction zones associated with these ancient ocean basins have implications for mantle structure, which can be used as an additional constraint for refining and evaluating plate boundary models. Here we integrate surface geology and geophysics with mantle tomography models to generate a digital set of tectonic blocks and plates as well as topologically closed plate boundaries with time-dependent rotational histories for the circum-Arctic. We find that subducted slabs inferred from seismic velocity anomalies from global P and S wave tomography models can be linked to various episodes of Arctic subduction since the Jurassic, in particular to the destruction of the South Anuyi Ocean. We present a refined model for the opening of the Amerasia Basin incorporating seafloor spreading between at least 142.5 and 120 Ma, a “windshield” rotation for the Canada Basin, and opening orthogonal to the Lomonosov Ridge for the northern Makarov and Podvodnikov basins. We also present a refined pre-accretionary model for the Wrangellia Superterrane, imposing a subduction polarity reversal in the early Jurassic before accretion to North America at 140 Ma. Our model accounts for the late Palaeozoic to early Mesozoic opening and closure of the Cache Creek Ocean, reconstructed between the Wrangellia Superterrane and Yukon–Tanana Terrane. We suggest that a triple junction may also explain the Mid-Palaeozoic opening of the Slide Mountain, Oimyakon and South Anuyi oceans. Our digital tectonic model forms the basis for the development of future plate deformation and geodynamic models and provides a framework for analysing the formation and evolution of regional sedimentary basins and mountain belts.Authors and InstitutionsGrace E. Shephard - EarthByte Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Australia. ORCID: 0000-0001-8541-1367R. Dietmar Müller - EarthByte Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Australia. ORCID: 0000-0002-3334-5764Overview of Resources ContainedThis data collection includes the all of the files needed to visualise, recreate, and interact with the plate motion model developed and published in Shephard et al. (2013). The WGS 1984 datum is used for all shapefilesList of ResourcesNote: For details on the files included in this data collection, see “Description_of_Resources.txt”.Note: For information on file formats and what programs to use to interact with various file formats, see “File_Formats_and_Recommended_Programs.txt”.Rotation file for the tectonic model (.rot, 373 KB)Present day coastlines (.gpml, .kml, .txt, .shp, total 46.8 MB)Age coded static polygons for the continents and oceans (.gpml, .kml, .txt, .shp, total 28.8 MB)Time-dependent plate boundaries (.gpml, .shp, .txt, total 60.8 MB)For more information on this data collection, and links to other datasets from the EarthByte Research Group please visit EarthByteFor more information about using GPlates, including tutorials and a user manual please visit GPlates or EarthByte

本数据集关联的出版物为：Shephard G. E.、Müller R. D. 与 Seton M.（2013）。《盘古大陆（Pangea）裂解以来北极地区的构造演化：整合地表地质与地球物理约束与地幔结构》。《地球科学评论（Earth-Science Reviews）》，124(0)，148-183。DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.05.012

**出版物摘要**：环北极地区（包括北太平洋、西伯利亚与北美大陆边缘）自侏罗纪以来的构造演化，始终伴随着洋盆的开合、原地与异地地体的增生以及相关变形事件。该区域的板块构造模型（plate tectonic models）存在诸多不确定性，其时变构型与运动学历史仍鲜有明确认知。与这些古洋盆相关的俯冲带（subduction zones）的年龄、位置、几何形态与收敛速率，对地幔结构具有指示意义，可作为约束与评估板块边界模型的额外依据。本文将地表地质、地球物理数据与地幔层析成像（mantle tomography）模型相结合，构建了环北极地区的构造块体与板块数字化数据集，以及具备时变旋转历史的拓扑闭合板块边界。研究发现，基于全球P波与S波层析成像模型的地震速度异常所推断的俯冲板片，可与侏罗纪以来北极地区的多期俯冲事件相对应，尤其与南阿努伊洋（South Anuyi Ocean）的消亡过程密切相关。本文提出了亚美盆地（Amerasia Basin）张开的改进模型，该模型包含至少142.5 Ma至120 Ma期间的海底扩张、加拿大海盆（Canada Basin）的“挡风玻璃”式旋转，以及北马卡罗夫盆地与波德沃尔尼科夫盆地的张开方向与罗蒙诺索夫海岭（Lomonosov Ridge）正交。本文还提出了兰格利亚超地体（Wrangellia Superterrane）的增生前改进模型：在140 Ma增生至北美大陆之前，早侏罗世发生了俯冲极性反转。本模型解释了卡什克里克洋（Cache Creek Ocean）从古生代晚期至中生代早期的开合过程，该洋盆重建于兰格利亚超地体与育空-塔纳纳地体之间。本文还提出，三联点也可用于解释滑山洋（Slide Mountain Ocean）、奥伊米亚康洋（Oimyakon Ocean）与南阿努伊洋的古生代中期张开过程。本数字化构造模型可作为未来板块变形与地球动力学模型开发的基础，并为分析区域沉积盆地与造山带的形成与演化提供框架。

**作者与所属机构**：
Grace E. Shephard — 澳大利亚悉尼大学地球科学学院地球字节（EarthByte）研究组，ORCID: 0000-0001-8541-1367
R. Dietmar Müller — 澳大利亚悉尼大学地球科学学院地球字节（EarthByte）研究组，ORCID: 0000-0002-3334-5764

**数据集资源概述**：
本数据集包含了可视化、复现并交互使用Shephard等人（2013）发表的板块运动模型所需的全部文件。所有矢量文件均采用WGS 1984（世界大地测量系统1984）坐标系。

**资源列表**：
注：本数据集包含的文件详情，请参阅《Description_of_Resources.txt》（资源描述文件）。
注：关于文件格式以及可用于交互各类文件的程序，请参阅《File_Formats_and_Recommended_Programs.txt》（文件格式与推荐程序文件）。
1. 构造模型旋转文件（.rot，373 KB）
2. 现代海岸线（.gpml、.kml、.txt、.shp，总大小46.8 MB）
3. 大陆与大洋的年龄编码静态多边形（.gpml、.kml、.txt、.shp，总大小28.8 MB）
4. 时变板块边界（.gpml、.shp、.txt，总大小60.8 MB）

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如需了解GPlates软件的使用方法（包括教程与用户手册），请访问GPlates或EarthByte官网。