Table_1_Study the effect of Enterobacter cloacae on the gene expression, productivity, and quality traits of Curcuma longa L. Plant.docx

Overuse of artificial chemical fertilizers could be detrimental to the environment. Utilizing beneficial microorganisms as biofertilizers is a sustainable technique that promotes soil health, crop yield, and ecosystem preservation. Curcuma longa L. is utilized as a medication since it has its antibacterial, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor characteristics, which reduce inflammation and hasten wound healing. The effect of E. cloacae strain MSR1, which is common in the roots of alfalfa grown in the Al-Ahsaa region, on C. longa plants is being investigated. C. longa rhizomes were planted under greenhouse conditions after being submerged in a solution of E. cloacae strain MSR1 (OD 500) or water treatment as a control for 12 hours. After 240 days of growing, ten randomly selected plants from each treatment were collected, and the vegetative growth and yield metrics were assessed. To investigate how E. cloacae influences C. longa production and chemical composition (photosynthetic pigment, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and curcuminoid), measurements were conducted as well as genes diketide-CoA and curcumin synthases genes. Our research showed that C. longa's growth and yield were favorably impacted by E. cloacae. Significant increases in the related plants' chlorophyll a,b, carotenoid, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels were likewise a reflection of the enhanced effects shown in the growth and yield parameters. Treatment with E. cloacae raised the curcuminoid's three sub-components' compositions to varying degrees: bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and curcumin. Comparing E. cloacae treated plants to the control, high expression levels of the genes diketide-CoA and curcumin synthase-1, -2, and 3 were also found. The treatment of E. cloacae is a good biostimulant candidate for boosting growth and yield as well as raising the medicinal qualities of C. longa, according to the overall results.

人工化肥的过度使用会对生态环境造成不利影响。利用有益微生物制备生物肥料（biofertilizer）是一项可持续农业技术，可改善土壤健康状况、提升作物产量并维护生态系统稳定。姜黄（Curcuma longa L.）因兼具抗菌、抑菌与抗肿瘤活性，可缓解炎症并加速伤口愈合，常被用作药用原料。本研究针对阿尔胡萨（Al-Ahsaa）地区种植苜蓿根系中常见的阴沟肠杆菌（Enterobacter cloacae）MSR1菌株对姜黄植株的调控效应展开探究。
将姜黄块茎分别浸没于阴沟肠杆菌MSR1菌液（OD₅₀₀）或无菌水对照组中12小时后，转移至温室环境进行种植。种植240天后，从每组处理中随机选取10株植株采样，并测定其营养生长与产量相关指标。为探究阴沟肠杆菌对姜黄产量与化学成分（光合色素、氮、磷、钾及姜黄素类化合物）的影响，本研究同步测定了上述指标，并针对二酮-CoA合酶（diketide-CoA synthase）与姜黄素合酶（curcumin synthase）基因的表达水平进行检测。
研究结果表明，阴沟肠杆菌MSR1菌株可显著促进姜黄的生长与产量提升。植株体内叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量以及氮、磷、钾水平的显著提升，也印证了其在生长与产量指标上的优化效果。阴沟肠杆菌处理可不同程度提升姜黄素类化合物的三种组分含量：双去甲氧基姜黄素（bisdemethoxycurcumin）、去甲氧基姜黄素（demethoxycurcumin）与姜黄素（curcumin）。与对照组相比，阴沟肠杆菌处理组的二酮-CoA合酶基因以及姜黄素合酶1、2、3基因均呈现高表达水平。
综合实验结果表明，阴沟肠杆菌MSR1菌株是一种优良的生物刺激剂候选菌株，可有效提升姜黄的生长、产量与药用品质。