Clinical and microbiological evaluation of non-surgical periodontal therapy in obese and non-obese individuals with periodontitis: a 9-month prospective longitudinal study

Abstract Objective Obesity is a chronic disease that negatively affects an individual’s general and oral health. The present study aimed to compare the clinical and microbiological effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy with the full mouth disinfection (FMD) protocol on obese and non-obese individuals at 9 months post-therapy. Methodology This clinical study was first submitted and approved by the Ethics Committee. Fifty-five obese patients and 39 non-obese patients with periodontitis were evaluated. The full-mouth periodontal clinical parameters, clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI), were monitored at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months after periodontal treatment with full mouth disinfection (FMD) protocol. The mean count of Tannerella forsythia , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Treponema Denticola , and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction on subgingival biofilm samples. Demographic data were assessed by Chi-square test. For clinical and microbiological parameters, two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was used. Results In both groups, periodontal therapy using the one-stage full-mouth disinfection protocol significantly improved CAL, PD, GI, and PI (p<0.05). Obese and non-obese patients equally responded to non-surgical periodontal therapy (p>0.05). Microbial count found no major differences (p>0.05) between obese and non-obese individuals who had undergone non-surgical periodontal therapy. Conclusions Obesity did not affect the clinical and microbiological outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy.

摘要
目的 肥胖是一种慢性疾病，会对个体的全身健康与口腔健康造成负面影响。本研究旨在对比采用全口消毒（full mouth disinfection, FMD）方案的非手术牙周治疗，在治疗后9个月对肥胖与非肥胖个体的临床及微生物学效应。
方法 本临床研究首先提交伦理委员会审核并获得批准。共纳入55名肥胖牙周炎患者与39名非肥胖牙周炎患者进行评估。采用全口消毒方案完成牙周治疗后，分别于基线、治疗后3、6及9个月监测全口牙周临床参数，包括临床附着水平（clinical attachment level, CAL）、探诊深度（probing depth, PD）、牙龈指数（gingival index, GI）及菌斑指数（plaque index, PI）。通过定量聚合酶链反应对龈下生物膜样本进行检测，测定福赛斯坦纳菌（Tannerella forsythia）、牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas gingivalis）、齿垢密螺旋体（Treponema denticola）及伴放线聚集杆菌（Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans）的平均计数。人口统计学数据采用卡方检验进行分析；临床及微生物学参数则采用双因素重复测量方差分析。
结果 两组患者接受一次性全口消毒方案的牙周治疗后，其临床附着水平、探诊深度、牙龈指数及菌斑指数均得到显著改善（p<0.05）。肥胖与非肥胖患者对非手术牙周治疗的响应程度无显著差异（p>0.05）。接受非手术牙周治疗的肥胖与非肥胖个体之间，微生物计数未出现显著差异（p>0.05）。
结论 肥胖并未对非手术牙周治疗的临床及微生物学结局产生影响。