Evaluation of Antifungal Potential of Leaf Extract of Chenopodium murale Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

ABSTRACT: The present study was performed to evaluate antifungal activity and GC-MS analysis of leaf extract of Chenopodium mural against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), a highly problematic soil-borne pathogen of tomato. Dried leaves of C. murale were extracted with methanol for 2 weeks and after evaporating the solvent on a rotary evaporator, antifungal bioassay was carried out against FOL. All concentrations (1 to 5%) significantly reduced FOL biomass by 14-45%. The remaining methanolic extract was fractioned with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate and all these fractions were assayed for their antifungal potential. A 200 mg mL-1 concentration of various sub-fractions reduced fungal biomass significantly by 94-98% over control. All the sub-fractions were subjected to GC-MS analysis that revealed presence of 32 compounds in n-hexane, 2 compounds in chloroform and 13 compounds in ethyl acetate sub-fraction. The predominant compounds in n-hexane sub-fraction were hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (14.64%), methyl linolenate (16.61%) and g-sitosterol (13.53%). In chloroform sub-fraction, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (92.31% and in ethyl-acetate sub-fraction, ethyl butyrate (19.57%), dihexyl phthalate (11.19%) and dioctyl phthalate (12.16%) were present in higher concentration.

摘要：本研究旨在评估墙生藜（Chenopodium mural）叶提取物对番茄极具危害性的土传病原物尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici，FOL）的抗真菌活性，并对该提取物开展气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析。将干燥的C. murale叶片用甲醇浸提2周，经旋转蒸发仪蒸除溶剂后，针对FOL开展抗真菌生物活性测定。所有测试浓度（1%~5%）均可使FOL的生物量显著降低14%~45%。剩余甲醇提取物依次经正己烷（n-hexane）、三氯甲烷（chloroform）与乙酸乙酯（ethyl acetate）分级萃取，随后对各萃取组分的抗真菌潜力进行检测。各次级组分在200 mg·mL⁻¹浓度下，可使真菌生物量较对照组显著降低94%~98%。对所有次级组分进行GC-MS分析后发现，正己烷次级组分中共检出32种化合物，三氯甲烷次级组分检出2种，乙酸乙酯次级组分检出13种。正己烷次级组分中的优势化合物为棕榈酸甲酯（hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester，14.64%）、亚麻酸甲酯（methyl linolenate，16.61%）与γ-谷甾醇（g-sitosterol，13.53%）。三氯甲烷次级组分的主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯（bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate，92.31%）；乙酸乙酯次级组分中则以丁酸乙酯（ethyl butyrate，19.57%）、邻苯二甲酸二己酯（dihexyl phthalate，11.19%）及邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（dioctyl phthalate，12.16%）为高含量成分。