Age-related humerothoracic, scapulothoracic, and glenohumeral kinematics during elevation and rotation motions

Age affects gross shoulder range of motion (ROM), but biomechanical changes over a lifetime are typically only characterized for the humerothoracic joint. Suitable age-related baselines for the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral contributions to humerothoracic motion are needed to advance understanding of shoulder injuries and pathology. Notably, biomechanical comparisons between younger or older populations may obscure detected differences in underlying shoulder motion. Kinematics derived from healthy subjects aged <35 years and >45 years using biplane fluoroscopy and skin-marker motion analysis quantified humerothoracic, scapulothoracic, and glenohumeral motion during 3 static poses (resting neutral, internal rotation to L4-L5, and internal rotation to maximum reach) and 2 dynamic activities (scapular plane abduction and external rotation in adduction). These data are available for download to aid researchers and clinicians in characterizing non-pathologic shoulder motion during common clinical ROM activities.年龄会影响肩关节总活动度（range of motion, ROM），但目前针对终生生物力学变化的特征化分析通常仅局限于肱胸关节（humerothoracic joint）。为加深对肩部损伤及病理机制的理解，亟需建立与年龄相关的肩胛胸关节（scapulothoracic joint）及盂肱关节（glenohumeral joint）对肱胸关节活动贡献度的标准化基线数据。值得注意的是，对年轻与老年人群开展的生物力学对比研究，可能会掩盖肩部深层运动模式的真实差异。本研究通过双平面透视成像（biplane fluoroscopy）与皮肤标记物运动分析（skin-marker motion analysis），对年龄小于35岁及大于45岁的健康受试者采集运动学数据，并量化了受试者在3种静态姿势（休息中立位、内旋至L4-L5体位、内旋至最大伸展位）及2项动态动作（肩胛平面外展、内收位外旋）中的肱胸关节、肩胛胸关节及盂肱关节运动情况。上述数据集可公开下载，以供研究人员与临床医师在分析常见临床活动中肩部非病理性运动特征时参考使用。