Labor response to the COVID-19 crisis.

The study examines labor policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis in Germany, Portugal, and Romania, focusing on how state models and government ideologies shaped their approaches. By comparing a federal parliamentary system (Germany) with two unitary semi-presidential states (Portugal and Romania), the research highlights the influence of legislative mechanisms, political ideologies, and structural frameworks on policy design. Results show that Germany's federal system prioritized solid, comprehensive measures with lower frequency but higher stability, while Portugal and Romania, with more flexible legislative processes, implemented numerous short-term policies requiring frequent revisions. Ideological differences significantly influenced policy objectives, with Portugal focusing on direct worker support, and Germany and Romania emphasizing business subsidies. The findings underscore the interplay between governance structures and ideological priorities in shaping labor policy during crises. Note that original dataset is in Spanish.

本研究针对德国、葡萄牙与罗马尼亚三国应对新冠疫情（COVID-19）危机的劳动政策响应展开考察，重点探讨国家治理模式与政府意识形态如何塑造其政策制定路径。本研究通过对比联邦议会制国家（德国）与两个单一制半总统制国家（葡萄牙、罗马尼亚）的制度差异，揭示了立法机制、政治意识形态与结构性框架对劳动政策设计的影响。研究结果表明，德国的联邦制体系优先推出稳健全面、频次较低但稳定性更强的政策举措；而葡萄牙与罗马尼亚凭借更灵活的立法流程，实施了大量需频繁修订的短期政策。意识形态差异对政策目标具有显著影响：葡萄牙将直接帮扶劳动者作为政策核心，德国与罗马尼亚则侧重对企业提供补贴支持。本研究结果凸显了危机时期治理结构与意识形态优先级之间的相互作用对劳动政策制定的塑造作用。需说明的是，原始数据集采用西班牙语编写。