Supplementary information files for "Taxonomic and trait-based approaches for monitoring fine sediment: influence of sediment method, substrate composition, taxonomic resolution and spatial scale"

Supplementary files for article "Taxonomic and trait-based approaches for monitoring fine sediment: influence of sediment method, substrate composition, taxonomic resolution and spatial scale"<br><br>Excessive fine sedimentation (particles &lt;2 mm) is a key stressor for aquatic biodiversity globally, impairing habitat quality and ecological function in freshwater ecosystems. Effective monitoring tools are critical for identifying areas where management interventions can reduce fine sediment inputs to river systems. In this study, we evaluated how seven widely used fine sediment measurement methods influence the detection of ecological impacts on benthic invertebrate communities across 29 river sites in England and Wales. We tested how associations between sediment and invertebrate metrics varied by sampling mode (quantitative vs. semi-quantitative; surface vs. subsurface), spatial scale (reach vs. patch), taxonomic resolution, and substrate composition (cobble, pebble, granule). Our results suggest that whilst significant associations were detected at the patch scale, the strength of these were generally greater at the reach scale. Fine sediment methods were more strongly correlated with invertebrate metrics in granule sites, with reduced strength of association in cobble grained sites. Sediment-specific indices showed the most consistent association with the different sediment methods, but demonstrated the strongest association in granule-dominated sites. Bed surface measurements were more strongly associated with invertebrate metrics than subsurface techniques. Rapid resuspension-based approaches performed comparably to more resource intensive methods, offering practical alternatives for large-scale monitoring. Functional diversity metrics showed limited sensitivity to fine sediment, and species-level identification did not improve metric performance (compared to family-level). Overall, our findings highlight the importance of aligning sampling methods with local sampling context, particularly spatial scale and substrate type, when using macroinvertebrates to assess the ecological impacts of fine sediment.<br><br>© The Author(s), CC-BY 4.0

论文《基于分类学与功能性状的细泥沙监测方法：泥沙采样方法、底质组成、分类分辨率与空间尺度的影响》的补充材料<br><br>过量细泥沙沉积（粒径<2毫米的颗粒物）是全球水生生物多样性的关键胁迫因子，会损害淡水生态系统的栖息地质量与生态功能。高效的监测工具对于识别可通过管理干预减少河流系统细泥沙输入的区域至关重要。本研究针对英格兰与威尔士的29个河流点位，评估了7种广泛使用的细泥沙测量方法对底栖无脊椎动物群落生态影响检测效果的影响，并检验了泥沙与无脊椎动物指标间的关联如何随采样模式（定量vs半定量；表层采样vs下层采样）、空间尺度（河段尺度vs斑块尺度）、分类分辨率以及底质组成（砾石、卵石、细砾）发生变化。<br><br>研究结果显示，尽管在斑块尺度可检测到显著关联，但河段尺度下的关联强度普遍更高。细砾底质点位中的细泥沙采样方法与无脊椎动物指标的相关性更强，而砾石底质点位中的关联强度则有所降低。泥沙专属指标与不同细泥沙采样方法的关联最为稳定，但在以细砾为优势底质的点位中关联强度最高。底床表层测量法与无脊椎动物指标的相关性强于下层采样技术。基于快速再悬浮的采样方法与资源消耗更高的传统方法表现相当，可为大规模监测提供实用替代方案。功能多样性指标对细泥沙的敏感性有限，且物种水平的分类鉴定并未提升指标性能（相较于科水平鉴定）。<br><br>总体而言，本研究结果表明，在利用大型无脊椎动物评估细泥沙的生态影响时，需将采样方法与当地采样场景（尤其是空间尺度与底质类型）相匹配，这一点至关重要。<br><br>© 作者，CC-BY 4.0