航空发动机材料摩擦学研究进展

机械产品中的摩擦磨损问题不可避免，且严重影响装备性能与寿命可靠性。航空发动机是飞机的心脏，针对该类复杂机械产品的摩擦磨损问题更应得到高度重视. 通过材料摩擦学行为调控，可有效减轻或排除航空发动机中的摩擦磨损问题，大幅抑制发动机功能精度衰减，提高其寿命稳定性. 为系统有序地开展航空发动机材料摩擦学研究，在本文中以典型三代涡扇发动机为例，按冷端至热端结构顺序，阐述进气道、风扇、中介机匣、压气机、燃烧室、涡轮和尾喷口等关键部位涉及摩擦磨损部件及材料的摩擦学服役工况、主要磨损类型和磨损机制. 结合发动机整机故障分析结果，有针对性的选择4种具有代表性的航发材料作为摩擦学重点研究对象，即叶片尖端与封严涂层的高速刮擦、主轴轴承滚动接触疲劳与滑擦损伤、钛合金叶片的微动损伤、动密封装置中石墨的摩擦磨损及其寿命评价台架试验. 从材料摩擦学损伤演变规律、磨损机制、耐磨功能设计和表面改性等角度综述国内外研究进展，提出航发材料摩擦学研究技术路线，即从材料级摩擦磨损实验复现航发零件磨损失效特征出发，实现基于摩擦学行为调控原理获得材料耐磨减摩功能化改进，最终采用模拟工况摩擦学实验台架验证新材料摩擦磨损性能. 此外，针对新一代航空发动机对材料耐磨减摩性能的更高要求，从宽温域润滑、腐蚀-磨损交互作用和新材料摩擦学数据库等方面展望航发材料摩擦学研究发展方向.

Friction and wear issues are inevitable in mechanical products, and they severely affect the performance and service life reliability of equipment. Aeroengines serve as the heart of aircraft, and their friction and wear problems as complex mechanical products deserve heightened attention. By regulating the tribological behavior of materials, friction and wear issues in aeroengines can be effectively alleviated or eliminated, the functional accuracy degradation of the engine can be significantly suppressed, and its service life stability can be improved. To conduct systematic and orderly tribological research on aeroengine materials, this paper takes a typical third-generation turbofan engine as an example, and elaborates on the tribological service conditions, main wear types and wear mechanisms of friction and wear-related components and materials in key parts including the air inlet, fan, intermediate casing, compressor, combustor, turbine and exhaust nozzle, following the structural sequence from the cold end to the hot end. Combined with the fault analysis results of the entire aeroengine, four representative aeroengine materials are selectively selected as key tribological research objects, covering high-speed scraping between blade tips and seal coatings, rolling contact fatigue and sliding wear damage of main shaft bearings, fretting damage of titanium alloy blades, friction and wear of graphite in dynamic sealing devices and their life evaluation bench tests. This paper reviews domestic and international research progress from the perspectives of material tribological damage evolution laws, wear mechanisms, wear-resistant functional design and surface modification, and proposes the technical route for tribological research on aeroengine materials: starting from reproducing the wear failure characteristics of aeroengine parts via material-level friction and wear experiments, realizing the wear-resistant and friction-reducing functional improvement of materials based on the tribological behavior regulation principle, and finally verifying the friction and wear performance of new materials through simulated working condition tribological test benches. In addition, in response to the higher performance requirements of new-generation aeroengines for material wear resistance and friction reduction, this paper prospects the development directions of tribological research on aeroengine materials from aspects including wide-temperature-range lubrication, corrosion-wear interaction and tribological databases of new materials.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于航空发动机材料的摩擦学研究，通过分析典型三代涡扇发动机的关键部位，探讨了摩擦磨损问题及其解决方案。研究内容包括高速刮擦、滚动接触疲劳、微动损伤等磨损机制，并提出了材料摩擦学行为调控的技术路线和未来研究方向。