Roadside rights-of-way as pollinator habitat: a literature review

Pollination of crops and naturally-occurring flowering plants is a critical ecosystem service provided by managed and unmanaged animal pollinators. Insects are the most studied pollinators, particularly managed honey bees, unmanaged wild bees, and butterflies. Bees and butterflies thrive in early-successional habitat featuring grasses, exposed soil, wildflowers, and shrubs, which is consistently found within transportation and utility rights-of-way (ROW). However, intensive management of ROW can reduce the amount of high-quality pollinator habitat; such practices include frequent mowing, broadcast herbicide use, and planting non-native cool season grasses. Here, we review peer-reviewed academic and non-peer-reviewed gray literature describing ROW management practices and their effects on pollinator populations. Both information sources consistently recommend these management practices to provide pollinator habitat in ROW and promote plant and pollinator diversity and abundance:

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农作物与自然生长的开花植物的传粉服务，是由人工饲养与野生传粉动物所提供的关键生态系统服务。昆虫是当前研究最为广泛的传粉者类群，尤其涵盖人工饲养蜜蜂、野生独居蜂与蝶类。蜜蜂与蝶类偏好栖息于以草本植物、裸露土壤、野生花卉与灌丛为特征的早期演替生境中，这类生境广泛分布于交通与公用事业通行权用地（rights-of-way, ROW）范围内。然而，对ROW开展高强度管护会缩减优质传粉生境的面积，此类管护手段包括高频修剪、大范围喷施除草剂以及种植非本土冷季型草本植物。本综述针对阐述ROW管护措施及其对传粉者种群影响的文献展开梳理，涵盖同行评议学术文献与非同行评议灰色文献两类来源。两类文献来源均一致推荐下述管护方案，用于在ROW中构建传粉生境并提升植物与传粉者的多样性及种群丰度：
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