Impact Of Spatio-Temporal Shade Dynamics On Winter Wheat Growth And Yield

During two growing seasons (2013-2014, 2014-2015), an artificial shade structure was installed on the experimental farm of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech to evaluate winter wheat growth, productivity and quality under shade. During both seasons, global radiation (MJ/m²/days) at crop canopy level was measured with quantum sensors (CS300- Campbell Scientific Inc., USA – accuracy ± 5 % for the daily global radiation) and recorded every minute by a data logger (CR1000 - Campbell Scientific Inc., USA). These data are compiled at a daily time scale for each treatment (CS: constant shade, PS: periodic shade, NS: no shade) into the tables “<em>GR_2013_2014.txt</em>” and “<em>GR_2014_2015.txt</em>”. During the cropping season, we sampled winter wheat to assess aboveground biomass, dry matter dynamics, final yield, yield components (thousand grain yield, grain size, and spike per m²) and grain protein content. These data are compiled in the two tables “<em>sampling_2013_2014.txt</em>” and “<em>sampling_2014_2015.txt</em>”. Samples were taken from three adjacent sowing lines of 40 cm. To assess dry matter distribution (g/m²), wheat plants were subdivided into spikes (<em>DM_Spike_g_m2</em>) and straw (<em>DM_Straw_g_m2</em>), dried and weighed. The final yield is expressed in t/ha at 0% humidity (<em>Yield_t_ha_0%</em>). We assessed the proportion of grain size using 3 sieves: 2.2, 2.5, 2.8 mm (<em>Grain_weight_seive_2.2mm, Grain_weight_seive_2.5mm, Grain_weight_seive_2.8mm</em>). Thousand grain weight at 0% humidity was calculated on subsamples from the harvested plots (<em>TGW_g_0%</em>). Protein content (%) analysis was performed with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy technique (<em>Protein_content_%).</em> Detailed information on the experimental design will be available in the following paper: “Impact of spatio-temporal shade dynamics on wheat growth and yield, perspectives for temperate agroforestry” in European Journal of Agronomy.在2013-2014、2014-2015两个冬小麦生长季中，研究团队于詹布鲁克斯农业生物科技学院（Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech）的试验农场搭建人工遮阴设施，以探究遮阴环境下冬小麦的生长、生产力与品质表现。两个生长季内，研究人员采用量子传感器（quantum sensors，型号CS300，Campbell Scientific Inc.，美国——日总辐射测量精度±5%）监测作物冠层处的总辐射量（单位：MJ/m²·日），并通过数据采集器（data logger，型号CR1000，Campbell Scientific Inc.，美国）以每分钟1次的频率记录监测数据。上述监测数据按日尺度进行汇总，并按三种遮阴处理分组：恒定遮阴（Constant Shade，CS）、周期性遮阴（Periodic Shade，PS）与无遮阴（No Shade，NS），最终汇总至*GR_2013_2014.txt*与*GR_2014_2015.txt*两个数据文件中。试验季期间，研究团队采集冬小麦样本，以评估地上生物量、干物质动态、最终产量、产量构成要素（千粒重、籽粒尺寸、每平方米穗数）及籽粒蛋白质含量。此类试验数据汇总至*sampling_2013_2014.txt*与*sampling_2014_2015.txt*两个数据文件中。样本采集自3条相邻的40 cm播行。为测定干物质分布（单位：g/m²），研究人员将小麦植株划分为穗部（DM_Spike_g_m2）与秸秆（DM_Straw_g_m2）两部分，经烘干后分别称重。最终产量以0%湿度下的吨/公顷为单位表示（Yield_t_ha_0%）。研究人员采用孔径分别为2.2 mm、2.5 mm、2.8 mm的3个筛子评估籽粒尺寸占比，对应统计指标为Grain_weight_seive_2.2mm、Grain_weight_seive_2.5mm与Grain_weight_seive_2.8mm。基于收获地块的子样本，研究人员计算得到0%湿度下的千粒重（TGW_g_0%）。采用近红外反射光谱技术开展籽粒蛋白质含量（%）测定，对应指标为Protein_content_%。试验设计的详细信息可参阅后续发表于《欧洲农艺学杂志》（European Journal of Agronomy）的论文：《时空遮阴动态对小麦生长与产量的影响——温带农林业的应用前景》（"Impact of spatio-temporal shade dynamics on wheat growth and yield, perspectives for temperate agroforestry"）。