Yorku.grassland.woodlot.Sept27-2016.csv

<b>Prediction:</b> It was predicted that there would be a greater abundance of insect species in the grassland environment. <b>Hypothesis: </b>The abundance of insect species in the bright yellow coloured pan traps that are within the grassland environment will be greater than the total number of insects in the pale or white coloured pan traps, because the insects are more attracted to the brightly coloured bowls compared to the pale coloured bowls. <b>Meta-Data:</b> <br> <b>Number of Pan traps :</b> The number of Pan traps that were placed in each habitat. There were ten Pan traps that were placed in the grassland environment and there was also ten Pan traps positioned in the Woodlot. In total there were twenty Pan traps that were placed in the habitats combined and this also represents the number of replicates that were conducted, which was n=20. This variable is continuous since numbers were used. <b>Colour of Pan traps: </b>The Pan traps came in three different colour s which were white, blue and yellow. This is a categorical variable. <b>Type of Habitat: </b>The experimental study was conducted in a grassland and a woodlot. A grassland is known as an area where there is vegetation. The other habitat which was a woodlot is a forest environment. This is a categorical variable. <b>Number of Insects:</b> The total amount of insects was counted in each Pan trap that was placed in each type of habitat. This is a continuous variable. <b>Number of different species (rtus):</b> The number of distinct species that were found in the soapy water in each Pan trap. Rtus is the abbreviated form which means different recognizable taxonomic units per sample. This is a continuous variable. <br> <b>Methods:</b> This experimental study was conducted on Tuesday September 27, 2016 from 2:50pm-3:50pm in both a grassland and woodlot habitat. The location of this study was done in Boyer Woodlot in York University campus, with a latitude of 43.8^o, and a longitude of -79.5^o. The temperature was 21^oC, it was partly cloudy, a wind coming from the southwest direction at 23 km/h and the humidity was 43% in Boyer Woodlot. First the researcher went to the edge of the grassland environment which was northwest of the Lumber building and took ten steps forward. Then first Pan trap was positioned in the grassland environment, and a systematic approach was used when placing the Pan traps in the grassland environment. In between each Pan trap there was a distance of 0.5 metres, and the colour of the Pan traps were randomly placed with the order white, blue, and yellow until ten Pan traps were placed in the grassland habitat. Next the researcher filled each Pan trap which had a diameter of 18 centimetres and a depth of 5 centimetres with soapy water. Each Pan trap was filled half way. After the researcher stood at the edge of the woodlot habitat and took ten steps forward, and then the first Pan trap was placed in the woodlot. The colours of the Pan trap were also placed in the same order like the Pan traps in the grassland habitat. Both of the habitats contained 4 white, 3 blue, and 3 yellow Pan traps. Soapy water was also placed in each Pan trap where only half the volume of the bowls were filled. Then the Pan traps in each habitat were left untouched for an hour, the data was collected in a chart form. The number of insects in the soapy water of the Pan traps within the grassland and woodlot were visually observed and counted. The researcher then visually counted the different number of species or the different recognizable taxonomic units per sample. The different number of species that were found in this experiment included ants, and flies which are two distinct species. <br>

<b>预测:</b> 研究预测，草原生境中的昆虫物种丰富度将更高。<b>假设：</b>草原生境中亮黄色色盘诱捕器（pan traps）内的昆虫物种丰富度，将高于浅色或白色色盘诱捕器内的昆虫总数，这是因为相较于浅色诱捕碗，昆虫对亮色诱捕碗的吸引力更强。<b>元数据:</b> <br> <b>色盘诱捕器数量：</b>放置于每个生境中的色盘诱捕器数量。研究人员在草原生境中放置了10个色盘诱捕器，在林地（woodlot）生境中同样放置了10个，两类生境总计放置20个色盘诱捕器，这也代表本次实验的重复次数为n=20。该变量为连续变量，其取值为数值型数据。<b>色盘诱捕器颜色：</b>本次实验使用的色盘诱捕器共有白色、蓝色、黄色三种颜色，属于分类变量。<b>生境类型：</b>本实验的研究地点为草原与林地两类生境。草原生境指以植被覆盖为主的区域，林地生境则为森林环境，该变量属于分类变量。<b>昆虫总数：</b>对每个生境中每个色盘诱捕器内的昆虫总数量进行计数，该变量为连续变量。<b>不同物种数量（RTUs，recognizable taxonomic units）：</b>对每个色盘诱捕器的皂液中发现的不同物种数量进行统计。RTUs是"样本内可识别分类单元"的缩写形式，该变量为连续变量。<br> <b>实验方法:</b> 本实验于2016年9月27日星期二的14:50至15:50期间，在草原与林地两类生境中开展。实验地点位于约克大学校园内的博耶林地（Boyer Woodlot），地理坐标为北纬43.8°、西经79.5°。当日该区域气温为21℃，天气为多云间晴，西南风风速23km/h，相对湿度为43%。<br>研究人员首先来到草原生境的边缘——该区域位于木材楼西北侧，向前行走10步后开始放置诱捕器。草原生境中的色盘诱捕器采用系统抽样方式布置：相邻两个诱捕器间距为0.5米，诱捕器颜色按照白色、蓝色、黄色的顺序排布放置，直至完成10个诱捕器的放置。<br>随后，研究人员为每个直径18厘米、深度5厘米的色盘诱捕器装填半量的皂液。<br>接下来，研究人员来到林地生境的边缘，向前行走10步后开始放置林地组的诱捕器，颜色排布顺序与草原组保持一致。两类生境的诱捕器均包含4个白色、3个蓝色与3个黄色的色盘诱捕器，同样装填半量皂液。<br>放置完成后，两类生境中的诱捕器均静置1小时。随后研究人员通过纸质记录表收集数据：对草原与林地生境中各诱捕器皂液内的昆虫数量进行目视计数，并统计每个样本内的不同物种数量即可识别分类单元（RTUs）。本次实验中发现的昆虫物种包括蚂蚁与苍蝇两类。