Czyżowski et al. (2025) Long term predator pressure on artificial nests of common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) in urban and agricultural areas of Lublin (Poland)

In the study (2005 - 2023), the pressure of predators on breeding common pheasants (<i>Phasianus colchicus</i>) in urban (city of Lublin) and agricultural areas was compared using artificial nests. The average nest predation was higher in the urban than in agricultural areas. The main predator in the city was the common magpie (<i>Pica pica</i>), which preyed on nests mostly in ruderal areas and in the city park. The main predator in the agrocenoses was the red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>), which destroyed nests in the ecotone zones. Higher density of pheasants in urban areas, combined with simultaneous higher pressure of predators than in agricultural areas, suggests that other environmental factors influence pheasants density more than pressure of predators. In agricultural areas, the pressure of predators on artificial nests was shown to decrease along with the increase in the suitability of soils for agricultural production, which is associated with the decline in ecotone sites in intensively used agrocenoses.

本研究（2005年至2023年）以人工巢为研究手段，对比了卢布林市城市区域与农区内繁殖期普通雉鸡（*Phasianus colchicus*）所承受的捕食者捕食压力。城市区域的平均巢捕食率显著高于农区。城市中的主要捕食者为喜鹊（*Pica pica*），其捕食行为多发生在弃耕荒地与城市公园内。农业生态系统（agrocenoses）中的主要捕食者为赤狐（*Vulpes vulpes*），它们会在生态交错带（ecotone zones）内破坏雉鸡的巢穴。城市区域内雉鸡种群密度更高，同时捕食压力也高于农区，这表明相较于捕食压力，其他环境因素对雉鸡种群密度的影响更为显著。在农区中，人工巢所承受的捕食压力随土壤农业生产适宜性的提升而降低，这与集约化利用的农业生态系统中生态交错带生境的减少密切相关。