Influenza vaccination coverage in elderly and high-risk adults: characterization of associated factors

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with non-vaccination against influenza in the risk group. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based study, carried out in the city of Rio Grande (RS). The outcome was defined as belonging to risk groups and not having been vaccinated in the last 12 months. Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral variables, and access for health services were analyzed. Results In this study, 680 individuals participated. The prevalence was 46.0% (95%CI: 41.8-50.3), ranging from 27.9% (elderly) to 81.8% (pregnant women). Young adults, single, intermediate socioeconomic bracket, smoker, with depressive symptoms, who did not perform physical activity and did not consult a physician in the last year, had a higher prevalence of non-vaccination. Conclusion Half of the sample was not vaccinated in the period. Due to the similarity of influenza-like illness and the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), increasing vaccination would minimize mortality and use of hospital beds due to influenza, optimizing the response of hospital capacity.

摘要
目的：评估流感高风险人群的未接种率及其相关影响因素。
方法：本研究为基于人群的横断面研究（cross-sectional study），于南里奥格兰德州里奥格兰德市开展。本研究的结局指标定义为属于流感高风险人群且近12个月未接种流感疫苗。本研究分析了人口学特征、社会经济状况、行为学因素以及医疗卫生服务可及性情况。
结果：本研究共纳入680名受试者。整体流感疫苗未接种率为46.0%（95%置信区间：41.8~50.3），亚组未接种率范围为27.9%（老年人群）至81.8%（孕妇人群）。青年群体、未婚个体、社会经济地位中等者、吸烟者、存在抑郁症状者、未进行规律体育锻炼者以及近1年未就诊者，其流感疫苗未接种率显著更高。
结论：本研究样本中有半数受试者在观察期内未接种流感疫苗。鉴于流感样疾病与2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的临床症状相似，提高流感疫苗接种率可降低流感相关死亡率及住院床位占用率，优化医院收治资源的调配能力。