Table_2_Training in women soccer players: A systematic review on training load monitoring.docx

ObjectiveThe present systematic review aimed to provide an overview of training load (TL), along with their responses, monitoring during training sessions in highly trained and elite adult women soccer players.
Data sourceElectronic databases searches (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Ebsco) for relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals were conducted, and eligibility criteria were based on the PICOS model in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.
Study selectionStudies were considered as follows: (a) highly trained and elite adult (>18 years) women’s soccer players; (b) continuous (minimum 1-week duration) TL monitoring in the context of the team routine; (c) TL collected from entire training session. Methodological qualitative assessments and risk of bias criteria were used for judging the studies.
Data extractionA total of 1,163 studies were identified, and 16 were included. The selected studies were fully screened to extract the population characteristics; the number of players; a type of study design; region where the study was performed; the main findings.
Data synthesisAccumulated external TL (ETL) during the pre-season was positively correlated to enhanced adaptations in intermittent exercise capacity. Daily ETL was negatively correlated to next-day self-reported fatigue and muscle soreness. Daily internal TL (ITL) was negatively correlated to post-session sleep duration and sleep efficiency. One study showed that higher accumulated player load and total distance were associated with injury.
ConclusionInformation about TL during training sessions in women soccer players is very sparse, and it is currently very difficult to consider evidence-based practices for training sessions in highly trained and elite adult women soccer players. Moreover, the dose–response relationships between TL and training outcome (e.g., fatigue, training adaptations and injuries) need to be further explored to understand the optimal training stimulus to enhance performance outcomes while preserving player health.

研究目标：本项系统综述旨在全面梳理高水平与精英成年女子足球运动员的训练负荷（training load, TL）、相关反应及训练课中的监测实践。
数据来源：通过检索PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science及Ebsco等电子数据库，筛选已发表于同行评议期刊的相关研究；入选标准依据PICOS模型制定，并符合PRISMA（系统综述与荟萃分析优先报告条目）指南要求。
研究筛选：纳入研究需满足以下条件：（a）研究对象为年龄≥18岁的高水平及精英成年女子足球运动员；（b）遵循球队日常训练流程，开展持续时长不少于1周的训练负荷监测；（c）监测数据取自完整训练课。研究采用定性方法学评估及偏倚风险准则对纳入文献进行质量评价。
数据提取：本研究共检索到1163篇相关文献，最终纳入16篇。对入选研究进行全面筛查，提取的信息包括研究人群特征、运动员人数、研究设计类型、研究开展地区及主要研究结果。
数据综合：数据综合分析结果如下：赛季前阶段累积的外部训练负荷（external training load, ETL）与间歇性运动能力的提升呈正相关；每日外部训练负荷与次日受试者自我报告的疲劳程度及肌肉酸痛程度呈负相关；每日内部训练负荷（internal training load, ITL）与训练后当日的睡眠时长及睡眠效率呈负相关；另有一项研究表明，更高的累积运动员负荷及总跑动距离与运动损伤存在关联。
研究结论：目前针对女子足球运动员训练课中训练负荷的研究数据极为匮乏，当前难以针对高水平及精英成年女子足球运动员的训练课制定循证实践方案。此外，训练负荷与训练结局（如疲劳、训练适应及运动损伤）之间的剂量-反应关系仍需进一步探索，以明确既能提升运动表现又能保障运动员健康的最优训练刺激强度。