Population’s characteristics.

Objective
Breakthrough cancer pain should be properly assessed for better-personalized treatment plan. The Breakthrough Pain Assessment Tool is a 14-item tool validated in English developed for this purpose; no French version is currently available and validated. This study aimed to translate it in French and assess the psychometric properties of a French version of the Breakthrough Pain Assessment Tool (BAT-FR).
Methods
First, translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the 14 items (9 ordinal and 5 nominal) of the original BAT tool in French language was made. Second, assessments of validity (convergent, divergent and discriminant validity), factorial structure (exploratory factor analysis) and test-retest reliability of the 9 ordinal items were done with data of 130 adult cancer patients suffering from breakthrough pain in a hospital-academic palliative care center. Test-retest reliability and responsiveness of total and dimension scores derived from these 9 items were also assessed. Acceptability of the 14 items was also assessed on the 130 patients.
Results
The 14 items had good content and face validity. Convergent and divergent validity, discriminant validity and test-retest reliability of the ordinal items were acceptable. Test-retest reliability and responsiveness of total and dimensions derived from ordinal items were also acceptable. The factorial structure of the ordinal items had two dimensions similar to the original version: “1—pain severity and impact” and “2—pain duration and medication”. Items 2 and 8 had a low contribution to the dimension 1 they were assigned and item 14 clearly changed of dimension compared with the original tool. The acceptability of the 14 items was good.
Conclusion
The BAT-FR has shown acceptable validity, reliability and responsiveness supporting its use for assessing breakthrough cancer pain in French-speaking populations. Its structure needs nevertheless further confirmation.

### 研究目标
为制定更精准的个性化治疗方案，需对癌性爆发痛进行规范化评估。爆发痛评估工具（Breakthrough Pain Assessment Tool）为14条目量表，已在英语人群中完成效度验证，专为上述评估目的开发；目前尚无经过验证的法语版量表。本研究旨在将该量表翻译为法语，并评估法语版爆发痛评估工具（BAT-FR）的心理测量学特性。

### 研究方法
第一，完成原版BAT量表14个条目（含9个有序条目、5个无序条目）的法语翻译及跨文化调适。第二，依托某大学附属姑息治疗中心130名伴爆发痛的成年癌症患者的临床数据，对9个有序条目开展效度检验（包括会聚效度、发散效度与区分效度）、因子结构分析（探索性因子分析）及重测信度评估。同时，还评估了由该9个条目计算得到的总量表得分及维度得分的重测信度与反应度。此外，针对该130名患者完成了14个条目的可接受性评价。

### 研究结果
14个条目均具备良好的内容效度与表面效度。有序条目的会聚效度、发散效度、区分效度及重测信度均符合可接受标准；由有序条目衍生的总量表得分及维度得分的重测信度与反应度同样达标。有序条目的因子结构与原版量表一致，包含两个维度："1—疼痛严重程度及影响"和"2—疼痛持续时长与用药情况"。其中，条目2与条目8对其归属的维度1的因子载荷较低，且条目14的维度归属与原版量表相比发生了显著变化。14个条目的可接受性良好。

### 研究结论
BAT-FR具备可接受的效度、信度与反应度，可用于法语人群的癌性爆发痛评估，但其因子结构仍需进一步验证。