Data from: Accuracy of assignment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) to rivers and regions in Scotland and northeast England based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.

Understanding the habitat use patterns of migratory fish, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), and the natural and anthropogenic impacts on them, is aided by the ability to identify individuals to their stock of origin. Presented here are the results of an analysis of informative single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers for detecting genetic structuring in Atlantic salmon in Scotland and NE England and their ability to allow accurate genetic stock identification. 3,787 fish from 147 sites covering 27 rivers were screened at 5,568 SNP markers. In order to identify a cost-effective subset of SNPs, they were ranked according to their ability to differentiate between fish from different rivers. A panel of 288 SNPs was used to examine both individual assignments and mixed stock fisheries and eighteen assignment units were defined. The results improved greatly on previously available methods and, for the first time, fish caught in the marine environment can be confidently assigned to geographically coherent units within Scotland and NE England, including individual rivers. As such, this SNP panel has the potential to aid understanding of the various influences acting upon Atlantic salmon on their marine migrations, be they natural environmental variations and/or anthropogenic impacts, such as mixed stock fisheries and interactions with marine power generation installations.

精准鉴定洄游鱼类（如大西洋鲑（Salmo salar L.））的原产地种群，有助于理解其栖息地利用模式，以及自然与人为活动对其产生的影响。本研究呈现了针对苏格兰及英格兰东北部大西洋鲑种群遗传结构的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphic, SNP）标记分析结果，以及该标记用于精准遗传种群鉴定的效能。本研究对覆盖27条河流的147个采样点的3787尾大西洋鲑进行了5568个SNP标记的基因分型筛选。为筛选出性价比最优的SNP标记子集，本研究依据各标记区分不同河流鲑鱼的效能对所有标记进行了排序。最终选取288个SNP组成核心标记组合，用于个体遗传溯源与混合种群渔业分析，并划定了18个遗传溯源单元。本研究结果相较既往方法有显著提升，首次实现了对海洋捕捞的大西洋鲑个体的精准溯源，可将其归属至苏格兰及英格兰东北部地理边界清晰的种群单元，乃至单条河流的种群。综上，这套SNP标记组合可为解析大西洋鲑海洋洄游过程中面临的各类影响因素提供助力，其中既包括自然环境波动，也涵盖混合种群渔业、与海洋发电设施的交互作用等人为活动干扰。