Politbarometer East 1995 (Cumulated Data Set)

The Politbarometer has been conducted since 1977 on an almost monthly basis by the Forschungsgruppe Wahlen on behalf of the Second German Television (ZDF). Since 1990, this database has also been available for the new German states. The survey focuses on the opinions and attitudes of the voting-age population in the Federal Republic on current political issues, parties, politicians, and voting behavior. From 1990 to 1995 and from 1999 onward, the Politbarometer surveys were conducted separately both in the newly formed eastern and in the western German states (Politbarometer East and Politbarometer West). The separate monthly surveys of a year are integrated into a cumulative data set that includes all surveys of a year and all variables of the respective year. Starting in 2003, the Politbarometer short surveys, collected with varying frequency throughout the year, are integrated into the annual cumulation.<br>The following topics were repeated identically at every time of survey:
most important political problems in the Federal Republic; party
preference (Sunday question, rank order procedure); party inclination
and party identification; behavior at the polls in the last Federal
Parliament election; sympathy scale for the parties and selected
politicians; self-assessment on a left-right continuum; jeopardy to
one´s own job; jeopardy to the job of close persons; expected
development of the economic situation in Germany and in the East of the
country; judgement on current and future economic situation of
respondent; most able party to solve the economic problems in the
eastern part of the country; union membership; religiousness; survey
date. The following questions were posed in at least one or several
survey months: coalition preference; satisfaction with achievements of
the Federal Government and the opposition; most important politicians
in Germany; position of the FDP in the government coalition; judgement
on FDP chairman Gerhard; FDP as extraneous party; assessment of the
renewal of the PDS; classification of the PDS as a normal party;
attitude to government participation by the PDS; attitude to a
red-green minority government in Berlin with toleration of the PDS;
assessment of the reputation of the party chairmen Scharping and Kohl
in their parties; stronger left-orientation of the SPD under chairman
Lafontaine; judgement on Scharping as candidate for federal chancellor
in the next Federal Parliament election; alternative candidate for
chancellor for the SPD; preference for federal chancellor; Scharping or
Schroeder as better candidates against Federal Chancellor Kohl;
attitude to a renewed candidacy of Kohl in the next Federal Parliament
election; judgement on the status of unification and the condition of
society; comparison of the condition of society in Germany with that of
Western European neighbors; longing for social security, job
protection, security, kindergartens, general security during the time
of the GDR; attitude to democracy; the right people in leading
positions; interest in politics; justified dissatisfaction of the East
Germans with their current living conditions; adequate effort by the
Federal Government forachievement of equivalent living conditions in
East and West; expected period for achievement of the same conditions
in East and West; judgement on the situation in Eastern Germany before
the turning point regarding economic situation, social security,
personal freedom and consideration for one another; attitude to union
of Brandenburg and Berlin into a common state; attitude to increased
acceptance of international political responsibility by united Germany;
desire for German pressure on Russia to end the war in Chechnya;
problems of the former Soviet Union as danger to Germany; desire for an
active role for Michael Gorbachev in Russian politics; Gorbachev or
Yeltsin as preferred Russian president; attitude to continuation of
support of Boris Yeltsin by the West; attitude to an eastern extension
of NATO; capitulation of the German Reich on 8 May 1945 as defeat or
liberation; significance of this day; significance of a good
relationship with German neighboring countries; National Socialism as a
current danger in Germany; attitude to increased intervention of the UN
in Bosnia; attitude to German participation in the UN protective troops
in Bosnia; general judgement on the military action of UN and NATO in
Bosnia; attitude to participation of German fighter planes; attitude to
a reduction in troop levelof the Federal German Armed Forces and to the
under-ground nuclear tests by France in the South Pacific; judgement on
the government´s job; SPD as better government alternative; judgement
on the solidarity tax to finance German unity; visit in West Germany
since the border opening or in the last year; vacation destination in
the last year; possession of a telephone and entry in telephone book;
attitude to speed limits given high ozone values; preferred treatment
of cars with catalytic converter during ozone alarm; closing the
centers of town for car traffic during ozone alarm; job preservation
through wage sacrifice; attitude to Saturday work in industry;
judgement on the salary demands of the IG-Metall {metal workers´ union}
in the wage negotiations or to wage demands at the level of the rate of
inflation; satisfaction with residence, residential status, judgement
on amount of rent; perceived threat of crime; advantageousness of
membership of the country in the European Union; attitude to a common
European currency; comparison of stability of the DM with the common
European currency; necessity of a common currency; attitude to
government support of German hard coal after elimination of the coal
subsidy tax; attitude to an additional tax instead of the coal subsidy
tax; general attitude to foreigners in Germany; attitude to immediate
deportation of Kurds rejected as applicants for political asylum or who
have committed a criminal offence in Germany; attitude to German
pressure on Turkey to end the war in Kurdistan; attitude to delivery of
weapons by Germany to the NATO partner Turkey; expected outcome of the
UN climate conference in Berlin; attitude to reduction of welfare;
assumptions about the extent of abuse of welfare; attitude to
construction of further nuclear power plants in Germany; attitude to
shut-down of existing nuclear power plants; attitude to construction of
safe nuclear power plants; conclusion of dealing with the GDR past;
judgement on the decision for the move of the Federal Government to
Berlin; attitude to abortion; attitude to covering the Berlin Reichstag
by Christo; knowledge about financing this art event; attitude to the
idea of communism; judgement on the amount of compensation for members
of parliament as well as coupling this income to the payment of Federal
Judges; attitude to the ammendment to the constitution due to the
parliamentary allowance; attitude to an extension of business hours;
attitude to the so-called large bugging operation; perceived
differences between East and West as well as between Northern and
Southern Germany; retrospect on the current year and prospect for the
coming year.

政治晴雨表（Politbarometer）自1977年起由选举研究工作组（Forschungsgruppe Wahlen）受德国第二电视台（ZDF）委托，以近乎月度的频率开展调研。自1990年起，该数据库也覆盖德国新联邦州。本次调研聚焦德意志联邦共和国适龄投票群体对当前政治议题、政党、政治人物及投票行为的看法与态度。1990年至1995年以及1999年起，政治晴雨表调研在德国东部与西部联邦州分别开展（分为东部政治晴雨表与西部政治晴雨表）。单年内的各月度独立调研会被整合为年度累计数据集，涵盖该年度全部调研内容与对应变量。2003年起，全年以不同频率开展的政治晴雨表短调研也被纳入年度累计数据集。

以下调研主题在每次调研中均以统一形式重复设置：德意志联邦共和国最突出的政治问题；政党偏好（周日问卷、排序法）；政党倾向与政党认同；上届联邦议会选举中的投票行为；对各政党与选定政治人物的好感度评分；自身左右意识形态倾向自评；自身工作面临的风险；身边亲友工作面临的风险；对德国全国及东部地区经济形势发展预期；对受访者自身当前与未来经济状况的评价；最有能力解决德国东部地区经济问题的政党；工会会员身份；宗教信仰程度；调研日期。

以下问题仅在一个或多个调研月份中设置：执政联盟偏好；对联邦政府与反对党履职表现的满意度；德国最重要的政治人物；自由民主党（FDP）在执政联盟中的地位；对自由民主党主席格哈德的评价；将自由民主党视为边缘政党的态度；对民主社会主义党（PDS）革新举措的评价；将民主社会主义党归类为常规政党的态度；对民主社会主义党参与执政的态度；对柏林由红绿联盟组成的少数派政府并获得民主社会主义党容忍的态度；对政党主席施拉平（Scharping）与科尔（Kohl）在各自党内声望的评价；对拉方丹（Lafontaine）任主席时期社会民主党（SPD）转向更左倾的评价；对施拉平作为下届联邦议会选举联邦总理候选人的评价；社民党总理继任候选人；联邦总理人选偏好；施拉平与施罗德（Schroeder）中哪位更适合作为对抗联邦总理科尔的候选人；对科尔再次参选下届联邦议会总理的态度；对德国统一现状与社会状况的评价；将德国社会状况与西欧邻国进行比较；对德意志民主共和国（GDR）时期社会保障、工作保护、各类安全保障与幼儿园服务的向往；对民主制度的态度；对领导层任用贤能的看法；政治兴趣程度；东德民众对当前生活状况的合理不满；对联邦政府为实现东西德生活水平均等所付出努力的评价；对东西德生活水平均等所需时间的预期；对东德剧变前经济形势、社会保障、个人自由与人际互助状况的评价；对勃兰登堡州与柏林州合并为单一州的态度；对统一后的德国承担更多国际政治责任的态度；希望德国向俄罗斯施压以结束车臣战争；将前苏联问题视为对德国的威胁；希望米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫（Michael Gorbachev）在俄罗斯政坛发挥积极作用；戈尔巴乔夫与叶利钦（Yeltsin）中更倾向的俄罗斯总统人选；对西方国家继续支持鲍里斯·叶利钦的态度；对北大西洋公约组织（NATO）东扩的态度；对1945年5月8日德意志帝国投降是战败还是解放的看法；该纪念日的意义；与德国邻国保持良好关系的重要性；将纳粹主义视为德国当前的威胁；对联合国（UN）加大对波斯尼亚干预力度的态度；对德国参与联合国驻波斯尼亚维和部队的态度；对联合国与北约在波斯尼亚军事行动的总体评价；对德国战机参与行动的态度；对联邦国防军（Bundeswehr）裁军与法国在南太平洋进行地下核试验的态度；对政府履职表现的评价；将社民党视为更优的执政替代选择；对用于德国统一的团结税的评价；边境开放后或过去一年中对西德的访问经历；过去一年的度假目的地；是否拥有电话及是否登记入电话簿；对臭氧浓度超标时实施车速限制的态度；臭氧预警期间对搭载催化转换器车辆的优先通行政策偏好；臭氧预警期间禁止机动车进入城市核心区域的态度；通过薪资让步保留工作岗位的态度；对工业领域周六加班的态度；对德国金属工业工会（IG-Metall）在薪资谈判中的薪资诉求，或以通胀率为基准的薪资要求的评价；对居住场所、居住状况的满意度及房租金额的评价；对犯罪威胁的感知程度；对本国加入欧洲联盟（EU）的益处评价；对欧洲统一货币的态度；对德国马克（DM）与欧洲统一货币的稳定性比较；推行统一货币的必要性；对取消煤炭补贴税后联邦政府对德国硬煤产业的扶持态度；对以额外税种替代煤炭补贴税的态度；对在德外籍人士的总体态度；对立即驱逐被驳回的库尔德政治避难申请者或在德犯有刑事罪行的库尔德人的态度；对德国向土耳其施压以结束库尔德斯坦战争的态度；对德国向北约盟友土耳其输送武器的态度；对柏林联合国气候变化大会预期成果的看法；对削减福利的态度；对福利欺诈程度的主观判断；对在德国新建核电站的态度；对关停现有核电站的态度；对建设安全型核电站的态度；对东德历史清算完成情况的评价；对联邦政府搬迁至柏林的决策评价；对堕胎问题的态度；对艺术家克里斯托（Christo）包裹柏林国会大厦的艺术项目的态度；对该艺术活动资金来源的了解程度；对共产主义理念的态度；对议员薪酬标准以及将议员薪酬与联邦法官薪酬挂钩的评价；对因议会津贴问题修订宪法的态度；对延长营业时间的态度；对所谓的“大规模窃听行动”的态度；对东西德以及德国南北部之间差异的感知程度；对本年度的回顾与下一年度的展望。