TABLE 1 in Novelty in Arundinella (Arundinelleae, Panicoideae, Poaceae): Morphological and Molecular Evidences for a New Species from Sikkim Himalaya

TABLE 1. Comparison of major morphological traits of Arundinella namprikensis sp. nov., Arundinella nepalensis, Arundinella cochinchinensis, Arundinella stenostachya and Arundinella intricata.
CharactersArundinella namprikensis sp. nov.Arundinella nepalensisArundinella cochinchinensisArundinella stenostachyaArundinella intricataPlant height1–2 m0.1–2.0 (–3) m1.5–3 m1–2.5 m0.3–0.8 mRhizomeup to 1.5 m long, smooth, glabrousshort, scalyscalyscaly, whitish pubescentshort, scalyCulm nodesglabrous and smoothappressed silky pubescentswollen, densely bearded or appressed silky-pilose glabrescentglabrous and smoothLeaf sheathabaxially pilose with tubercle-based hairs, adaxially glabrous, densely ciliate along one margin only with tubercle-based hairssmooth and glabrous, striate, or sparsely to densely covered with tubercle-based hairs, margins short ciliate, rarely both margins eciliatehispid with tubercle-based hairs at young or glabrous, margin densely short ciliate with tubercle-based hairsglabrous to pilose on the back, margins densely hairysmooth and glabrous or pilose, densely ciliate along one marginLigule height(0.2–)0.3–0.5 mm0.3–1 mm0.3–1.5 mm0.5–1 mmca. 0.5 mmLeaf bladeSize10–50 × 0.4–1.4 cm2–50 × 0.2–1.8 cm30–80 × 1–2.5 cm13–70 × 0.3–1.6 cm11–20 × 0.2–0.5 cmSurfacehispid on both surfaces with tubercle-based hairsglabrous or thinly to densely pilose with tubercle-based hairstuberculate-hispid with tubercle-based hairs or glabrescenthispid on both surfaces with tubercle-based hairsglabrous or pilose or upper surface with short hairs just above ligule, smooth and somewhat scabrid on lower surfaceMarginscaberulous-scabrous-scabrid or often denely ciliatePanicleAppearanceopen or loosely contractedopen or loosely contractednarrowly oblong densenarrowly cylindrical, loosely contracted, dense narrowly elliptic in outlineSize40–65 cm long10–50 cm long30–65 cm long9.5–42 cm long10–17 cm longAxil of rachisvillous--usually villousdensely and finely ciliateCentral axissmooth, scabrid towards apex, strongly striate (striations wavy), glabrousscaberulous or almost smoothscaberulousscabrid, striate, sparsely pubescentscabrid-hispidulousPanicle branches Size2–20 cm7–20 cm5–25 cm1.8–10 (–11.5) cm3-6 cmArrangementalternate, opposite, subopposite or whorled, erectalternate or pseudo-whorled or subverticillate or fascicledcrowded in whorls or usually crowded in alternate, suberect whorlsIrregular or sub-whorledBranching patternlower branches with several branchlets, upper ones mostly simplesimple or lowest branched-usually simple or occasionally with secondary branches-Arrangement of spikeletsloosely spiculateloosely to densely spiculatedensely spiculate, concealing the stout main axisdensely spiculate, spike-likeloosely spiculateSpikelet4–5 mm long3–5.5 mm long3–5 mm long2.5–3.7 mm long3.8–4.5 mm longPedicelSize1.2–8 mm long,shorter or equal to spikelets0.5–5 mm long,0.3–2.2 mm longshorter than the spikeletsSurfacescaberulous-scaberulousscabrous or hispidhairy or scabridLower glumeSize2.8–4 × 0.9–1.5 mm3–3.5 mm long3–4 mm long1.9–3.1 mm long2.5–3 mm longVein features(4–)5–7-veined, midvein keeled, scabrid towards apex, rarely scabrid throughoutstrongly 3-veined, veins scabrid3–5-veined, scabrid on veins3–5-veined, scabrous 3–5-veined on veinsUpper glumeSize(3.8–)4.2–5 × 1–1.5 mm 3.5–5.5 × 1.5–2 mm4–5 × 1–1.2 mm-as long as spikeletVein features5–7-veined, usually glabrous, sometimes veins with few hispid hairs and margins sparsely hairyfaintly 5-veined3–5-veined, glabrous or scaberulous on veins5-veined, glabrous5-veined, scabrid on veinsLower floretNaturealways bisexualstaminate or barrenstaminatestaminate or barrenstaminateSizelonger than lower glumeequaling or longer than lower glumeslightly longer than lower glume-as long as lower glumeLower lemmaSize3–4 × 1–1.6 mm2.5−3.5 mm long3−3.5 mm long,1.9−2.9 mm long-Vein features(5–)7-veined, only the midvein somewhat keeled at apex3–5-veined3−5-veined3−5-veined5-veinedSurfaceglabrous, rarely sparsely hairy at margin, smoothglabrous, smooth---Upper lemmaSize2–2.2 mm long1–2 mm long,2−2.5 mm long1.6−2.3 mm long2–3 mm longApexusually retuse (- emarginate), sometimes one lobe attached to awn, often obtuse (then awn terminal), fimbriolatebifidminutely bifidapex narrowed into a subentire or very poorly developed minutely lobed awn or awnlessSurfaceglabrouspubescent below---Upper paleaSize2.3–2.4 × 0.5–0.6 mm1−2.5 mm long2−2.5 mm long1.6−2.1 mm longshorter and narrowerApexacute with few ciliaminutely bifiddentate, minutely bifidacute-Marginmargin auriculate (door-like flaps); auricle obliquely obovate-spathulate, strongly overlappingmargin with door-like flaps---Surfacechartaceous, granulate dorsallysubcoriaceous, granulate dorsally--minutely scabridAwnSize(2–)4–5 mm long3.5–6 mm long4–5 mm longup to 2 mm long2.7–6 mm longNaturepersistentpersistentpersistentsoon deciduous-Callus hairs1/4–1/2 length of lemma1/4–1/3 length of lemmaca. 1/4 length of lemma1/10–1/5 length of lemmaca. 1/2 length of lemma.Anthers1–2 × 0.2–0.5 mm long0.8−1.5 mm long1–1.8 mm long0.7–1.1 mm longca. 1 mm long
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表1 南普里克野古草（Arundinella namprikensis sp. nov.）、尼泊尔野古草（Arundinella nepalensis）、交趾野古草（Arundinella cochinchinensis）、细穗野古草（Arundinella stenostachya）与错综野古草（Arundinella intricata）的主要形态性状比较

| 性状 | 南普里克野古草（Arundinella namprikensis sp. nov.） | 尼泊尔野古草（Arundinella nepalensis） | 交趾野古草（Arundinella cochinchinensis） | 细穗野古草（Arundinella stenostachya） | 错综野古草（Arundinella intricata） |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| 株高 | 1–2 m | 0.1–2.0(–3) m | 1.5–3 m | 1–2.5 m | 0.3–0.8 m |
| 根状茎 | 长达1.5 m，平滑无毛 | 短，具鳞片 | 具鳞片，被白色短柔毛 | 短，具鳞片 | 短，具鳞片 |
| 秆节 | 无毛且平滑 | 被贴生丝状柔毛 | 膨大，密被髯毛或贴生丝状长毛，后渐无毛 | 无毛且平滑 | 无毛且平滑 |
| 叶鞘 | 背面被具基盘的长毛，腹面无毛，仅1边缘密具具基盘的纤毛 | 平滑无毛，具条纹，或疏至密被具基盘的毛，边缘具短纤毛，极少两面均无纤毛 | 幼时被具基盘的硬毛或无毛，边缘密具具基盘的短纤毛 | 背面无毛至被柔毛，边缘密被毛 | 平滑无毛或被柔毛，1边缘密具纤毛 |
| 叶舌高度 | (0.2–)0.3–0.5 mm | 0.3–1 mm | 0.3–1.5 mm | 0.5–1 mm | 约0.5 mm |
| 叶片大小 | 10–50 × 0.4–1.4 cm | 2–50 × 0.2–1.8 cm | 30–80 × 1–2.5 cm | 13–70 × 0.3–1.6 cm | 11–20 × 0.2–0.5 cm |
| 叶片表面 | 两面均被具基盘的硬毛 | 无毛或疏至密被具基盘的柔毛 | 被具基盘的硬毛或后渐无毛 | 两面均被具基盘的硬毛 | 无毛或被柔毛，或上部表面叶舌上方具短毛，下面平滑且稍粗糙 |
| 叶缘 | 微粗糙至粗糙至极粗糙，或常密具纤毛 | 未提及 | 未提及 | 未提及 | 未提及 |
| 圆锥花序形态 | 开展或疏松收缩 | 开展或疏松收缩 | 狭长长圆形，密集 | 狭圆柱形，疏松收缩、密集，轮廓狭椭圆形 | 未提及 |
| 圆锥花序大小 | 40–65 cm长 | 10–50 cm长 | 30–65 cm长 | 9.5–42 cm长 | 10–17 cm长 |
| 穗轴腋部 | 被长柔毛 | 未提及 | 通常被长柔毛 | 密被细纤毛 | 未提及 |
| 圆锥花序主轴 | 平滑，先端粗糙，具强烈条纹（条纹波状），无毛 | 微粗糙或近平滑 | 微粗糙 | 粗糙，具条纹，疏被短柔毛 | 粗糙具硬毛 |
| 圆锥花序分枝大小 | 2–20 cm | 7–20 cm | 5–25 cm | 1.8–10(–11.5) cm | 3–6 cm |
| 分枝排列方式 | 互生、对生、近对生或轮生，直立 | 互生或假轮生、近轮生或簇生 | 密集成轮生，或通常密集成近直立的互生轮生 | 不规则或近轮生 | 未提及 |
| 分枝模式 | 下部分枝具数条小枝，上部多数单一 | 单一或最下部分枝 | 通常单一或偶具次级分枝 | 未提及 | 未提及 |
| 小穗排列 | 疏松穗状 | 疏松至密集穗状 | 密集穗状，遮蔽粗壮的主轴线 | 密集穗状，呈穗状 | 疏松穗状 |
| 小穗长度 | 4–5 mm | 3–5.5 mm | 3–5 mm | 2.5–3.7 mm | 3.8–4.5 mm |
| 小穗柄大小 | 1.2–8 mm长，短于或等于小穗 | 0.5–5 mm长 | 0.3–2.2 mm长 | 短于小穗 | 未提及 |
| 小穗柄表面 | 微粗糙 | 微粗糙 | 粗糙或被硬毛 | 被毛或粗糙 | 未提及 |
| 下位颖片大小 | 2.8–4 × 0.9–1.5 mm | 3–3.5 mm长 | 3–4 mm长 | 1.9–3.1 mm长 | 2.5–3 mm长 |
| 下位颖片脉特征 | (4–)5–7脉，中脉龙骨状，先端粗糙，极少全程粗糙 | 强烈3脉，脉粗糙 | 3–5脉，脉粗糙 | 3–5脉，粗糙；3–5脉，脉上粗糙 | 未提及 |
| 上位颖片大小 | (3.8–)4.2–5 × 1–1.5 mm | 3.5–5.5 × 1.5–2 mm | 4–5 × 1–1.2 mm | 与小穗等长 | 未提及 |
| 上位颖片脉特征 | 5–7脉，通常无毛，有时脉具少数硬毛，边缘疏被毛 | 模糊5脉 | 3–5脉，脉无毛或微粗糙 | 5脉，无毛 | 5脉，脉粗糙 |
| 下部小花性质 | 通常两性 | 雄性或不育 | 雄性 | 雄性或不育 | 雄性 |
| 下部小花大小 | 长于下位颖片 | 等于或长于下位颖片 | 稍长于下位颖片 | 与下位颖片等长 | 未提及 |
| 下部外稃大小 | 3–4 × 1–1.6 mm | 2.5–3.5 mm长 | 3–3.5 mm长 | 1.9–2.9 mm长 | 未提及 |
| 下部外稃脉特征 | (5–)7脉，仅先端中脉稍龙骨状 | 3–5脉 | 3–5脉 | 3–5脉 | 5脉 |
| 下部外稃表面 | 无毛，极少边缘疏被毛，平滑 | 无毛，平滑 | 未提及 | 未提及 | 未提及 |
| 上部外稃大小 | 2–2.2 mm长 | 1–2 mm长 | 2–2.5 mm长 | 1.6–2.3 mm长 | 2–3 mm长 |
| 上部外稃先端 | 通常微凹（有时凹缺），有时1裂片与芒相连，常钝（此时芒顶生），具流苏状毛 | 二裂 | 微二裂 | 先端渐狭成近全缘或极不发达的微裂芒或无芒 | 未提及 |
| 上部外稃表面 | 无毛 | 下部被短柔毛 | 未提及 | 未提及 | 未提及 |
| 上部内稃大小 | 2.3–2.4 × 0.5–0.6 mm | 1–2.5 mm长 | 2–2.5 mm长 | 1.6–2.1 mm长 | 更短且更窄 |
| 上部内稃先端 | 急尖，具少数纤毛 | 微二裂 | 齿状，微二裂 | 急尖 | 未提及 |
| 上部内稃边缘 | 边缘耳状（门状瓣）；叶耳斜倒卵形匙形，强烈重叠 | 具门状瓣边缘 | 未提及 | 未提及 | 未提及 |
| 上部内稃表面 | 纸质，背部具细颗粒 | 近革质，背部具细颗粒 | 未提及 | 未提及 | 微粗糙 |
| 芒长 | (2–)4–5 mm | 3.5–6 mm | 4–5 mm | 长达2 mm | 2.7–6 mm |
| 芒性质 | 宿存 | 宿存 | 宿存 | 早落 | 未提及 |
| 基盘毛长度 | 为外稃长的1/4–1/2 | 为外稃长的1/4–1/3 | 约为外稃长的1/4 | 为外稃长的1/10–1/5 | 约为外稃长的1/2 |
| 花药大小 | 1–2 × 0.2–0.5 mm | 0.8–1.5 mm | 1–1.8 mm | 0.7–1.1 mm | 约1 mm |

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