UNITS THAT BECAME PRECEDENT PHENOMENA FROM THE WORKS OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

This article is devoted to the linguocultural analysis of linguistic units that originated in the works of William Shakespeare and later became precedent phenomena. Precedent phenomena, one of the current trends in modern linguistics and linguoculturology, are defined as phenomena well known to members of a particular linguocultural community, firmly established in their cognitive base, and repeatedly reproduced in speech. The object of the research is the precedent units formed in Shakespeare’s works, and the subject is their linguocultural nature, typology, semantic features, and communicative functions. The article analyzes the history of the development of precedent theory, including the works of Yu.N. Karaulov, V.V. Krasnykh, D.B. Gudkov, and other scholars, as well as research in Uzbek linguistics. The manifestation of Shakespearean units within the types of precedent text, precedent utterance, precedent name, and precedent situation is illustrated through examples. In particular, the transformation of anthroponyms such as "Hamlet", "Romeo", "Juliet", "Othello", and "Iago" into precedent names, the use of phrases like "To be or not to be" as absolute and transformed precedent utterances, as well as the re-embodiment of Shakespearean scenes as precedent situations, are analyzed. In conclusion, Shakespeare’s precedent units perform nominative, persuasive, aesthetic, expressive, evaluative, and other functions, are widely used in modern discourse, and have become an integral part of world culture and language.本文致力于对源自威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）作品、后成为先例现象（precedent phenomena）的语言单位开展语言文化分析。先例现象是现代语言学与语言文化学（linguoculturology）的前沿研究方向之一，指为某一语言文化共同体成员所熟知、牢固扎根于其认知基础并在言语中被反复复现的现象。本研究的研究对象为莎士比亚作品中形成的先例单位，研究范畴则为其语言文化属性、类型学特征、语义特点与交际功能。本文梳理了先例理论的发展历程，涵盖尤·尼·卡拉乌洛夫（Yu.N. Karaulov）、弗·弗·克拉斯尼赫（V.V. Krasnykh）、德·别·古德科夫（D.B. Gudkov）等学者的研究成果，同时也包含乌兹别克语言学领域的相关研究。本文通过实例阐释了莎士比亚式语言单位在先例文本（precedent text）、先例话语（precedent utterance）、先例名称（precedent name）与先例情境（precedent situation）这几类类型中的具体表现形式。具体而言，本文分析了诸如哈姆雷特（Hamlet）、罗密欧（Romeo）、朱丽叶（Juliet）、奥赛罗（Othello）与伊阿古（Iago）等人名转化为先例名称的过程，"To be or not to be"等短语作为绝对型与变体型先例话语的使用情况，以及莎士比亚戏剧场景作为先例情境的再现形式。综上，莎士比亚式先例单位具备命名、说服、审美、表情、评价等多种功能，在现代话语中得到广泛应用，现已成为世界文化与语言不可或缺的组成部分。