Supporting Information for "Endocranial morphological affinities of the Early Holocene individuals from Lagoa Santa and implications for the peopling of the Americas"

The ectocranial morphology of early Holocene humans from Lagoa Santa, Brazil has been described as exhibiting a ‘Paleoamerican’ form with affinities to African and Australasian individuals, in contrast to past and present Native Americans with a predominantly ‘Amerindian’ form. While disputed, this observation led to the ‘Two Main Biological Components Model’ proposing separate dispersals from Asia into the Americas. This study aims to assess whether the endocranial morphology of Lagoa Santa individuals similarly reflects these affinities. For this study, the overall endocranial morphology, as well as the temporal bones of the crania of twenty individuals from Lagoa Santa were analyzed and compared with five population samples from the Americas, Australia, Africa, and Asia using computed tomography scans and geometric morphometric methods. Our analyses revealed that while the overall endocranial morphology of the Lagoa Santa individuals exhibits shape affinities with Australians and Africans, the surface morphology of the temporal bones displays a wider range of variation among all individuals.
This dataset contains additional material to support and expand on the findings of this research article. It also includes more detailed description of the methods applied, as well as the raw coordinate data for reproducibility purposes.

巴西拉戈阿圣塔（Lagoa Santa）地区全新世早期人类的颅外形态（ectocranial morphology）此前被描述为呈现“古美洲人（Paleoamerican）”表型，与非洲和大洋洲人群具有形态亲缘性，这与现今及历史上以“美洲印第安人（Amerindian）”表型为主的美洲原住民形成显著差异。尽管该观点尚存学术争议，但这一观察结果催生了“两大生物组分模型（Two Main Biological Components Model）”，该模型提出了从亚洲向美洲的两次独立迁徙事件。本研究旨在探究拉戈阿圣塔人群的颅内形态（endocranial morphology）是否同样反映出这类亲缘关系。为此，本研究借助计算机断层扫描（computed tomography scans）与几何形态测量法（geometric morphometric methods），对20例拉戈阿圣塔个体的整体颅内形态及颅骨颞骨进行分析，并与美洲、大洋洲、非洲及亚洲的5组人群样本展开对比。分析结果显示，尽管拉戈阿圣塔人群的整体颅内形态与大洋洲及非洲人群存在形态亲缘性，但颞骨的表面形态在所有研究个体中表现出更广泛的变异范围。
本数据集包含可支撑并拓展本研究论文发现的补充材料，同时涵盖了研究所用方法的详细说明，以及用于保障研究可重复性的原始坐标数据（raw coordinate data）。