Supplementary File 1. Measurement Items

This supplementary file provides the detailed measurement items corresponding to each construct included in the study’s conceptual model. The items were adapted from validated instruments in prior research, with minor modifications to align with the present study’s objectives and context.

本补充文件提供了对应本研究概念模型中所包含各构念（construct）的详细测量题项。这些题项改编自既往研究中经过验证的测量工具，仅做了小幅调整以契合本研究的研究目标与研究情境。