The usefulness of neuromuscular control and cardiovascular training in injury prevention in soccer players

<b>SUMMARY</b><b>Introduction:</b>Muscle and joint injuries and bruises represent a growing problem for soccer players, as neuromuscular and cardiovascular control has become a fundamental part of training in injury prevention.<b>Aim:</b>To describe the usefulness of neuromuscular and cardiovascular control training in soccer players<b>Methodology:</b>Through a structured systematic search, articles published in the last 5 years were obtained from Embase, Latindex, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Mendeley, Wiley, and Web of Science databases. Two research questions were generated: What is the usefulness of neuromuscular and cardiovascular training in preventing injuries in soccer players? How do soccer players train cardio?<b>Results:</b>Randomized studies were found that support that practices improve the results of soccer players, their skills and decrease injuries with the strict implementation of programs such as FIFA 11+, M 11+ or plyometric training, as well as to train cardiovascular function in soccer should focus on improving aerobic and anaerobic strength through a combination of strength, jump, blood flow, interval and speed practice.<b>Conclusions:</b>This systematic review demonstrates the vital role of neuromuscular control in soccer, targeting vulnerable anatomical regions where injuries are common, such as the neck, knee, ankle, and upper extremities. Soccer player training prevents injuries by improving muscle strength, skills, and posture, representing a fundamental part of soccer practice. The main barrier identified in the studies was the lack of compliance and training among soccer players, which is a potential cause of injuries.

<b>摘要</b><b>引言：</b>肌肉与关节损伤及挫伤已成为足球运动员面临的日益严峻的问题，而神经肌肉与心血管控制训练已成为运动损伤预防训练的核心环节。<b>研究目的：</b>本研究旨在阐明神经肌肉与心血管控制训练在足球运动员群体中的应用价值。<b>研究方法：</b>本研究采用结构化系统检索策略，从Embase、Latindex、谷歌学术（Google Scholar）、Cochrane、Mendeley、Wiley及Web of Science数据库中获取近5年发表的相关文献。本研究设定两项核心研究问题：一是神经肌肉与心血管训练在预防足球运动员运动损伤中的应用价值如何；二是足球运动员应如何开展心血管训练。<b>研究结果：</b>现有随机对照研究证实，严格落实FIFA 11+、M 11+或超等长训练（plyometric training）等方案，可有效改善足球运动员的运动表现与竞技技能，并降低损伤发生率；此外，足球运动员的心血管功能训练应通过力量、跳跃、血流调控、间歇及速度训练的组合模式，着重提升有氧与无氧运动能力。<b>研究结论：</b>本系统综述证实，神经肌肉控制在足球运动中具有至关重要的作用，其训练靶点多为损伤高发的脆弱解剖区域，包括颈部、膝关节、踝关节及上肢。足球运动员通过训练可提升肌肉力量、竞技技能与身体姿态，从而实现运动损伤预防，这亦是足球训练的核心组成部分。现有研究表明，当前面临的主要阻碍为足球运动员训练依从性不足与训练缺失，这亦是导致运动损伤发生的潜在诱因。