We used stable isotope tracers, [1,2-13C] D-glucose and [U- 13 C] glutamine, and conducted combined 2D-1H,13C-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis
The hexosamine pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. We determined first that hyperglycemia induced a decrease in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
