Environmental factors associated with excessive gestational weight gain: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Abstract The aim is, systematically examine the scientific evidences that associated environmental factors (environment, social environment, environmental planning and spatial population distribution) with the excessive gestational weight gain. A meta-analysis and systematic review carried out as per the Cochrane Handbook recommendations and following the steps recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes. The inclusion studies were done with the following PECO criteria: P-pregnant women, E-environmental factors, O-weight gain. The search procedure was conducted on the databases EMBASE, Web of Science, Cinahl, LILACS and MEDLINE (PubMed). The relationship between the socioeconomic factors of the micro-region of residence and gestational weight gain was evidenced by the linkage between residing in high-poverty neighborhoods and inadequate gestational weight gain. This study revealed the higher prevalence of excessive gestational weight gain in pregnant women those lives in urban areas. Environmental factors of the pregnant women’s residence area implicated in the excessive gestational weight gain. Our findings can therefore contribute to the development of public policies to prevent inadequate gestational weight gain.

摘要
本研究旨在系统梳理与孕期过度体重增加（excessive gestational weight gain）相关的各类环境因素（含自然环境、社会环境、环境规划与空间人口分布）的科学证据。本研究依照《Cochrane手册》的推荐规范，并遵循《系统评价与元分析首选报告条目》（Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes）的流程，开展了元分析（meta-analysis）与系统评价（systematic review）研究。纳入研究采用PECO标准：P代表孕妇（pregnant women）、E代表环境因素（environmental factors）、O代表体重增益（gestational weight gain）。检索过程覆盖EMBASE、Web of Science、Cinahl、LILACS及MEDLINE（PubMed）五大学术数据库。研究证实，居住微区域的社会经济因素与孕期体重增益存在关联：居住于高贫困社区的孕妇更易出现孕期体重增益不足（inadequate gestational weight gain）的情况。本研究同时发现，城市地区孕妇的孕期过度体重增加患病率显著更高。孕妇居住区域的环境因素与孕期过度体重增加存在明确关联。本研究结果可为制定预防孕期体重增益异常的公共政策提供科学参考依据。