Auditory-alone condition model fits for one randomly selected subject.

Plotted across the columns are model fits for each of the five auditory locations, from -13 to +13. The dotted light blue line shows the true stimulus location, the subject’s data is plotted in the shaded light blue regions, and the solid dark blue line shows the model’s fit to the data. As shown by the red arrows, simple models that assume unbiased sensory representations make considerable errors in estimating subjects’ response, as simulated response distributions are centered near the true stimulus locations. By allowing the sensory representations to vary, biases can be more fully accounted for, as is shown in the fits for the 8-parameter model in the second row.