DataSheet_1_The role of nanoparticles in plant biochemical, physiological, and molecular responses under drought stress: A review.docx

Drought stress (DS) is a serious challenge for sustaining global crop production and food security. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an excellent tool to enhance crop production under current rapid climate change and increasing drought intensity. DS negatively affects plant growth, physiological and metabolic processes, and disturbs cellular membranes, nutrient and water uptake, photosynthetic apparatus, and antioxidant activities. The application of NPs protects the membranes, maintains water relationship, and enhances nutrient and water uptake, leading to an appreciable increase in plant growth under DS. NPs protect the photosynthetic apparatus and improve photosynthetic efficiency, accumulation of osmolytes, hormones, and phenolics, antioxidant activities, and gene expression, thus providing better resistance to plants against DS. In this review, we discuss the role of different metal-based NPs to mitigate DS in plants. We also highlighted various research gaps that should be filled in future research studies. This detailed review will be an excellent source of information for future researchers to adopt nanotechnology as an eco-friendly technique to improve drought tolerance.

干旱胁迫（Drought Stress, DS）是维持全球作物生产与粮食安全面临的严峻挑战。纳米颗粒（Nanoparticles, NPs）已成为当前快速气候变化与干旱强度不断增加背景下提升作物生产的优良工具。干旱胁迫会对植物生长、生理与代谢过程产生负面影响，同时扰乱细胞膜、养分与水分吸收、光合机构以及抗氧化活性。纳米颗粒的施用可保护细胞膜、维持水分平衡，并提升养分与水分吸收能力，进而在干旱胁迫下显著促进植物生长。纳米颗粒可保护光合机构，提升光合效率，促进渗透调节物质、激素与酚类物质的积累，增强抗氧化活性与基因表达，从而增强植物对干旱胁迫的抗性。本综述探讨了各类金属基纳米颗粒缓解植物干旱胁迫的作用，同时梳理了未来研究亟需填补的诸多研究空白。这份详尽的综述将为未来研究者将纳米技术作为提升作物抗旱性的环保技术提供优质的参考资料。