Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2010 - Sierra Leone

Abstract
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The 2010 Sierra Leone Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS4) is a nationally representative survey of households, women, and children. The main objectives of the survey are (i) to provide current information for assessing the present situation of women and children in Sierra Leone-including the identification of vulnerable groups and of disparities among groups-in order to inform policies and interventions; (ii) to produce data to monitor progress toward the achievement of targets and goals that include the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and World Fit For Children; and, (iii) to contribute to the improvement of national statistical, data and monitoring systems in Sierra Leone and to strengthen national capacity and technical expertise in the design and implementation of such systems. Interviews were successfully completed in 11,394 households drawn from all districts of Sierra Leone.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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- individuals
- households

Universe
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The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged between 15-49 years, all children under 5 living in the household.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The primary objective of the sample design for the Sierra Leone Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was to produce statistically reliable estimates of most indicators at the national level, for urban and rural areas, for the four regions of the country (Northern Province, Eastern Province, Southern Province, and the West), and finally, for the fourteen districts of Sierra Leone. Urban and rural areas in each of the fourteen districts were defined as the sampling strata.

A multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample.

The target sample size for the Sierra Leone MICS was calculated as 12,000 households. For the calculation of the sample size, the key indicator used was the proportion of children aged 12-23 months who are vaccinated with DPT3 by one year of age.

The resulting number of households to be selected that was calculated using the formula above was 11,990, which was rounded up to 12,000 households. It was decided that the cluster size would be 25 households, based on a number of considerations that include the available budget and the estimated time that was required for a team to completely survey one cluster. Dividing the total number of households by the number of households per cluster, it was calculated that a total of 480 clusters was required.

The MICS4 Steering Committee made a decision to sample a minimum of 30 enumeration areas (EAs) in each district in order to generate district-level estimates with a maximum precision level of ± 12 percent. Using a probability proportion to size (pps) method to allocate clusters to districts would have resulted in several districts with less than 30 EAs. The decision was thus taken to create a weighted sample (i.e., not pps) that contained at least 30 clusters per district. Other districts were under-sampled to compensate for over-sampling the smaller districts. The number of EAs for each district that was included in the sample is listed in the table below. In each district, the EAs (primary sampling units) were distributed to urban and rural domains, proportional to the size of urban and rural populations in that district.

The sampling procedures are more fully described in "Sierra Leone Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2010 - Final Report" pp.130-135.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaires for the Generic MICS were structured questionnaires based on the MICS4 model questionnaire with some modifications and additions. Household questionnaires were administered to a knowledgeable adult living in the household. The household questionnaire includes household listing form, education, water and sanitation, household characteristics, insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, child labour, child discipline, handwashing and salt iodisation.

In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women age 15-49 and children under age five. The questionnaire for children under 5 years of age was administered to mothers or caregivers of all children under 5 years of age living in the households.

The women's questionnaire includes woman's background, child mortality, tetanus toxoid, desire for last birth, maternal and newborn health, illness symptoms, contraception, unmet need, female genital mutilation/cutting, attitudes towards domestic violence, marriage/union, sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS.

The children's questionnaire includes child's age, birth registration, early childhood development, breastfeeding, care of illness, malaria, immunization and anthropometry.

Cleaning operations
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Data were entered using CSPro software. Data processing was carried out by 30 data entry operators and 2 data entry supervisors. In order to ensure quality control, all questionnaires were double-entered and internal consistency checks were performed. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS programme and adapted to the Sierra Leone questionnaire were used throughout. Data processing began simultaneously with data collection in October 2010 and was completed in June 2011. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software program (Version 18). The analysis was carried out using the model syntax and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF.

Response rate
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Of the 11,923 households selected for the sample, 11,578 were found to be occupied. Of these, 11,394 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 98.4 percent. In the interviewed households, 14,068 women (age 15-49 years) were identified. Of these, 13,359 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 95.0 percent within interviewed households. In addition, 8,799 children under age five were listed in the household questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed for 8,600 of these children, which corresponds to a response rate of 97.7 percent within interviewed households. Overall response rates of 93.5 and 96.2 percent are calculated for the women's and under-5's interviews respectively.

Ninety-seven percent of sampled households were found to be occupied. The household response rate was slightly lower in the West as compared to other provinces, primarily due to difficulties finding household members at home in Freetown. Response rates for women and children were very similar across provinces and areas of residence. Overall response rates were at an acceptable level.

Sampling error estimates
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Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between the estimates from all possible samples. The extent of variability is not known exactly, but can be estimated statistically from the survey data.

The following sampling error measures are presented in this appendix for each of the selected indicators:
- Standard error (se): Sampling errors are usually measured in terms of standard errors for particular indicators (means, proportions, etc.). Standard error is the square root of the variance of the estimate. The Taylor linearization method is used for the estimation of standard errors.
- Coefficient of variation (se/r) is the ratio of the standard error to the value of the indicator, and is a measure of the relative sampling error.
- Design effect (deff) is the ratio of the actual variance of an indicator, under the sampling method used in the survey, to the variance calculated under the assumption of simple random sampling. The square root of the design effect (deft) is used to show the efficiency of the sample design in relation to the precision. A deft value of 1.0 indicates that the sample design is as efficient as a simple random sample, while a deft value above 1.0 indicates the increase in the standard error due to the use of a more complex sample design.
- Confidence limits are calculated to show the interval within which the true value for the population can be reasonably assumed to fall, with a specified level of confidence. For any given statistic calculated from the survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error (r + 2.se or r - 2.se) of the statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

For the calculation of sampling errors from MICS data, the SPSS Version 18 Complex Samples module has been used. The results are shown in the tables that follow. In addition to the sampling error measures described above, the tables also include weighted and unweighted counts of denominators for each indicator.

Sampling errors are calculated for indicators of primary interest at the national, regional and location (i.e., urban/rural) levels. Two of the selected indicators are based on households, eight are based on household members, 23 are based on women, and 20 are based on children under 5. All indicators presented here are in the form of proportions.

Data appraisal
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A series of data quality tables are available to review the quality of the data and include the following:

- Age distribution of the household population
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Age distribution of under-5s in household and children under 5 questionnaires
- Women's completion rates by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Completion rates for under-5 questionnaires by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Completeness of reporting
- Completeness of information for anthropometric indicators
- Heaping in anthropometric measurements
- Observation of bed nets and places for hand washing
- Observation of women's health cards
- Observation of children under 5 birth certificates
- Observation of vaccination cards
- Presence of mother in the household and the person interviewed for the under-5 questionnaire
- Selection of children age 2-14 years for the child discipline module
- School attendance by single age

The results of each of these data quality tables are shown in appendix D in document "Sierra Leone Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2010 - Final Report" pp.149-157.

摘要
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2010年塞拉利昂多指标集群调查（MICS4）是一项针对家庭、妇女和儿童的全国代表性调查。调查的主要目标包括：（一）提供当前信息，以评估塞拉利昂妇女和儿童的现状，包括识别易受伤害群体以及群体间的差距，以便为政策制定和干预措施提供依据；（二）生成数据，以监测实现千年发展目标（MDGs）和《世界儿童适宜》等目标和目标取得的进展；（三）促进塞拉利昂国家统计、数据和监控系统改进，并加强国家在设计和实施此类系统方面的能力和专业技术。调查在从塞拉利昂所有地区抽取的11,394个家庭中成功完成。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单位
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- 个人
- 家庭
总体
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调查涵盖了所有法定家庭成员（常住居民），所有15-49岁的妇女，以及所有居住在家庭中的5岁以下儿童。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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塞拉利昂多指标集群调查的样本设计的主要目标是产生对大多数指标在国家和城市及农村地区、国家四个地区（北部省、东部省、南部省和西部省）以及最终在塞拉利昂十四个地区具有统计可靠性的估计。
在每个十四个地区的城市和农村地区定义了抽样层。
采用多阶段、分层聚类抽样方法来选择调查样本。
计算出的目标样本量是12,000户家庭。用于计算样本量的关键指标是12-23个月大儿童的DPT3疫苗接种率。
使用上述公式计算出的需要选择的户数是11,990户，四舍五入到12,000户。根据可用的预算和团队完全调查一个集群所需的估计时间等因素，决定集群规模为25户。
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数据评估
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一系列数据质量表可用于审查数据质量，包括以下内容：
- 家庭人口年龄分布
- 符合条件和被访谈的妇女年龄分布
- 家庭和5岁以下儿童问卷中的5岁以下儿童年龄分布
- 妇女完成率按家庭社会经济特征
- 5岁以下儿童问卷完成率按家庭社会经济特征
- 报告的完整性
- 人体测量指标信息的完整性
- 人体测量测量中的堆叠
- 观察蚊帐和洗手处
- 观察妇女健康卡
- 观察5岁以下儿童出生证明
- 观察疫苗接种卡
- 家庭中存在母亲和访谈5岁以下问卷的人
- 选择2-14岁儿童进行儿童纪律模块
- 单一年龄的学校出席率
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