Environment rather than character displacement explains call evolution in glassfrogs

The Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis (AAH) and Ecological Character Displacement (ECD) are two potential mechanisms shaping call evolution that can predict opposite trends for the differentiation of signals. Under AAH, signals evolve to minimize environmental degradation and maximize detection against background noise, predicting call homogenization in similar habitats due to environmental constraints on signals. In contrast, ECD predicts greater differences in call traits of closely-related taxa in sympatry because of selection against acoustic interference. We used comparative phylogenetic analyses to test the strength of these two selective mechanisms on the evolution of advertisement calls in glassfrogs, a highly diverse family of neotropical anurans. We found that, overall, acoustic adaptation to the environment may outweigh effects of species interactions. As expected under the AAH, temporal call parameters are correlated with vegetation density, but spectral call parameters had an ..., We gathered all available glassfrog calls from sound collections, and we supplemented the data set with contributions from colleagues, call descriptions available in literature, and our own recordings obtained in the field. For each species, we obtained two spectral and four temporal call parameters: peak frequency (frequency at which the highest amplitude peak is found, also known as dominant frequency), frequency bandwidth (the difference between upper and lower frequency bounds of notes, as measured 6 dB below the peak frequency), note duration (length in milliseconds of a note, measured from beginning to end of the note), notes per call, pulse rate (number of pulses in a note minus 1, divided by the length of the note; with this formula, purely tonal calls always have a pulse rate of zero) and note rate (count of notes in a call minus 1, divided by the length of the call). We obtained georeferenced records to infer the distribution for all glassfrog species included in this study fr..., , # Environment rather than character displacement explains call evolution in glassfrogs

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**Authors**:
Angela M. Mendoza-Henao, Kelly R. Zamudio, Juan M. Guayasamin, Moises Escalona, Gabriela Parra-Olea

## Dataset Details

### **DryadEvolution.zip**

This archive contains three files, each described below:

#### 1. **Callmetrics.csv**

**Description**: Acoustic and environmental variables for glassfrog species.
**Variables**:

* **Species**: Scientific name of each species, in the format Genus_species.
* **SVL**: Snout-Vent Length (mm; body size measurement).
* **PeakFreq**: Peak call frequency (Hz).
* **Bandwidth**: Frequency range of call notes (Hz; measured 6 dB below peak frequency).
* **MaxNotes**: Maximum number of notes per call.
* **SyllDur**: Syllable duration (ms).
* **noterate**: Call rate (notes per second; calculated as `(notes - 1) / call duration`).
* **pulserate**: Pulse rate (pulses per second; purely tonal calls = 0).
* **EVI**: Enhanced Vegetation Index (MODIS Lan...,

声学适应假说（Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis, AAH）与生态特征置换（Ecological Character Displacement, ECD）是塑造鸣声演化的两种潜在机制，二者对信号分化的预测趋势截然相反。在声学适应假说框架下，信号会朝着最小化环境衰减、最大化在背景噪声中的可检测性的方向演化，受信号演化的环境约束影响，相似生境中会出现鸣声同质化现象。与之相对，生态特征置换预测：同域分布的近缘类群间鸣声性状差异更大，这是因为选择压力会规避声学干扰。我们采用比较系统发育分析方法，检验这两种选择机制在透明蛙科（glassfrogs，一类高度多样的新热带区无尾两栖类）广告鸣叫演化中的作用强度。总体而言，我们发现环境对鸣声的声学适应效应，强于物种间相互作用的影响。正如声学适应假说所预期的，鸣声的时间参数与植被密度相关，但频谱参数的 ...
我们从声音馆藏中收集了所有可获取的透明蛙鸣声，并补充了同行贡献的数据、文献中已发表的鸣声描述，以及我们野外实地录制的鸣声样本。针对每个物种，我们提取了两类共6项鸣声参数：峰值频率（即振幅最高峰值对应的频率，也称为主频率）、频率带宽（以峰值频率下6dB处为基准，计算鸣音的上下频率边界之差）、音节时长（以毫秒为单位的鸣音长度，从鸣音起始到结束的时长）、每通鸣叫的音节数、脉冲率（单鸣音内脉冲数减1，再除以该鸣音的时长；按照此公式，纯音调鸣声的脉冲率恒为0）以及音节率（每通鸣叫内的音节数减1，再除以该通鸣叫的总时长）。我们还获取了地理参考记录，以推断本研究纳入的所有透明蛙物种的分布范围 ...

# 《环境而非特征置换解释透明蛙的鸣声演化》
**作者**：
Angela M. Mendoza-Henao, Kelly R. Zamudio, Juan M. Guayasamin, Moises Escalona, Gabriela Parra-Olea

## 数据集详情

### **DryadEvolution.zip**
该压缩包包含三个文件，各文件说明如下：

#### 1. **Callmetrics.csv**
**描述**：透明蛙物种的声学与环境变量表
**变量**：
* **Species**：物种学名，格式为「属_种」
* **SVL**：吻肛长（Snout-Vent Length，单位mm，体长测量指标）
* **PeakFreq**：鸣声峰值频率（单位Hz）
* **Bandwidth**：鸣音频率范围（单位Hz，以峰值频率下6dB处为基准测量）
* **MaxNotes**：每通鸣叫的最大音节数
* **SyllDur**：音节时长（单位ms）
* **noterate**：鸣叫率（每秒音节数，计算公式为`(notes - 1) / call duration`）
* **pulserate**：脉冲率（每秒脉冲数，纯音调鸣声取值为0）
* **EVI**：增强植被指数（Enhanced Vegetation Index，MODIS Lan...