Amenazas al paisaje agrícola tradicional del sur de Yucatán, México: una mirada desde el análisis socioecológico

The milpa landscape is a territory where there is a close relationship between the Mayan populations and the forest manifested in agroecosystem management strategies such as: the milpa, the home garden and the secondary vegetation. The milpa landscape faces multiple socio-environmental pressures that require transdisciplinary analytical frameworks that allow its comprehensive understanding. The objective of this work is to analyze through variables that allow us to deepen into the socioecological relationships established by the human and biophysical components of southern Yucatán. The framework of socio-ecological systems was used, for its operationalization secondary information was reviewed and 257 surveys were applied in two municipalities. The results show that socioecological relationships are influenced by aspects of governance and land tenure. The milpa system prevails in livelihoods, but coexists with factors such as the loss of the Mayan language, the low generational change, the market economy, the high prevalence of agrochemicals and weather patterns. It is proposed that efforts based on the revaluation of the milpa, the participatory integration of knowledge and the development of adaptive governance schemes could have positive repercussions on sustainability if this biocultural landscape.

米帕农业景观（milpa landscape）是玛雅族群与森林形成紧密依存关系的地域空间，该关系通过米帕农田（milpa）、家庭菜园与次生植被等农业生态系统（agroecosystem）管理策略得以体现。该景观正面临多重社会环境压力，亟需跨学科分析框架以实现全面认知。本研究的目标为，通过选取相关变量，深入剖析尤卡坦半岛南部人类与生物物理组分所构建的社会生态（socioecological）关系。本研究采用社会生态系统（socio-ecological systems）分析框架，为实现该框架的落地实施，研究人员梳理了二手资料，并在两个市镇开展了257份问卷调查。研究结果显示，社会生态关系受到治理模式与土地权属（land tenure）的显著影响。米帕农田系统在当地生计模式中占据主导地位，但同时也与诸多现实挑战共存：玛雅语言传承断裂、代际更替乏力、市场经济冲击、农用化学品广泛施用以及气候模式变化等。本研究提出，若能围绕米帕农业系统的价值重估、知识的参与式整合以及适应性治理模式的构建开展相关工作，将可对这一生物文化景观的可持续性产生积极影响。