Donated Male Individuals in Ur III Umma Texts according to Order

Donated Male Individuals in Ur III Umma Texts according to Order Author: Andrew PottorfDate of Release: January 6, 2026License: CC BY 4.0 Recommended Citation APA Format: Pottorf, A. (2026). Donated Male Individuals in Ur III Umma Texts according to Order [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18166221 Chicago Format: Pottorf, Andrew. “Donated Male Individuals in Ur III Umma Texts according to Order.” Zenodo, January 6, 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18166221. If you use or refer to this dataset, please cite it as above and, when appropriate, also cite Pottorf 2022, 323–27. Abstract / Description This dataset compiles quantitative and contextual data on donated male individuals in Ur III administrative texts. The data were assembled from all relevant Umma texts accessible in BDTNS up to 2023. Each entry includes references to text editions, transliterations, and citations following BDTNS conventions, with occasional simplification for clarity. Entries record the donation of male individuals and their orders. These data permit the conclusion that most or all donated male individuals were UN-il2 during the Third Dynasty of Ur. Scope and Methodology ● Corpus Coverage: All known Ur III Umma texts mentioning donated male individuals searchable in BDTNS up to 2023. ● Transliteration Standards: BDTNS, except where otherwise indicated. All Sumerian words are underlined. ● Assumptions: Male individuals can be identified by their orders in various contexts. ● Limitations: Some male individuals are difficult to identify across multiple texts, especially with regard to their orders. ● Uncertainties: Entries marked (?) when interpretation or restoration is uncertain; see dataset comments. Future versions will include more proveniences in addition to other details. Data Format ● File Type: CSV (UTF-8, tabular) ● Primary Fields: Text (Donation), BDTNS (Donation), CDLI (Donation), Line(s) (Donation), Name, Order, Text(s) (Order), BDTNS (Order), CDLI (Order), Line(s) (Order), Count, Comment(s). ● Source Metadata: CDLI and BDTNS identifiers provided where available. Acknowledgements I thank Adam Anderson for guidance on FAIR-compliant data publication and repository best practices. Introduction This table includes data regarding donated male individuals Ur III Umma texts searched up to 2023 (for the donation of individuals, see Bartash 2025). All citations and transliterations follow BDTNS (citations are sometimes simplified), unless otherwise stated, and all Sumerian is underlined. Abbreviations follow CDLI. Male individuals considered here are identified by their social statuses, also called orders, including citizens, UN-il2, and enslaved people (Pottorf 2025). Individuals who were donated more than once are only counted for their first attestation. If one or more donated male individuals in a text are known to have been UN-il2, then any other donated male individuals in the same text whose orders are uncertain were possibly UN-il2. Individuals notated with AŠ in typical sealed receipts are considered to have been potentially UN-il2. This is a limited phenomenon, and several such individuals are known to have been UN-il2. See, for example, Lu-Ninura in SNAT 332 obv. 8 and UTI 4 2724 obv. 1 (edited as: AŠ 0.0.4 Lu2-dNin-ur4-ra), Šara-maDU in BDTNS 194959 obv. 4 and Nisaba 6 17 obv. ii 6, Šara-kam in CUSAS 39 129 obv. vi 10 and Princeton 1 377 obv. 1, Ur-Damu (or Ur-Dani) in BDTNS 194959 obv. 1; CST 880 obv. ii 14'; and Organisation administrative, Diss., T. 12, Talon-Vanderroost 5, 230 rev. i 3, and Ur-Enlila in AnOr 7 212 obv. 1–2; CUSAS 39 136 obv. 9; and MVN 10 102 obv. i 6. For the transliteration of CDLI P235514, see CDLI. OrNS 84, 149 and UTI 3 2283 (virtually identical) are omitted because they document the donation of land with dependent individuals. Comments or questions can be sent to [e-mail]. Bibliography Bartash, Vitali. 2025. “Humans as Donations and the Question of Temple Slavery in Early Mesopotamia.” Pages 49–82 in Beyond Slavery and Freedom in Ancient Mesopotamia. Edited by Vitali Bartash and Andrew Pottorf. JANEH 12.1. Pottorf, Andrew Richard. 2022. “Social Stratification in Southern Mesopotamia during the Third Dynasty of Ur (ca. 2100–2000 BCE).” PhD diss., Harvard University. ———. 2025. “UN-il2 (‘Menials’) as a Serflike Social Stratum during the Ur III Period.” Pages 83–113 in Beyond Slavery and Freedom in Ancient Mesopotamia. Edited by Vitali Bartash and Andrew Pottorf. JANEH 12.1. Versioning and Future Updates ● Version 1 (January 6, 2026): Initial public release. ● Planned Version 2 will include more proveniences in addition to other details. ● The most current version will always be available via the Zenodo DOI landing page. Keywords Mesopotamia • Ur III period • Sumerian • cuneiform • BDTNS • CDLI • donated individuals Contact Andrew Pottorf 📧 [e-mail] ORCID: 0000-0002-7842-5979按身份等级整理的乌尔第三王朝乌玛文献男性捐赠者数据集 作者：安德鲁·波特夫（Andrew Pottorf） 发布日期：2026年1月6日 许可协议：CC BY 4.0 ## 推荐引用格式 ### APA格式： 波特夫, A. (2026). 按身份等级整理的乌尔第三王朝乌玛文献男性捐赠者数据集[数据集]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18166221 ### 芝加哥格式： 波特夫, 安德鲁. “按身份等级整理的乌尔第三王朝乌玛文献男性捐赠者数据集”. Zenodo, 2026年1月6日. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18166221. 若您使用或参考本数据集，请按上述格式引用，若情况适宜还需引用Pottorf 2022, 323–27。 ## 摘要/数据集说明 本数据集汇编了乌尔第三王朝行政文献中男性捐赠者的量化与语境化数据。数据采集自2023年前可在BDTNS中获取的所有相关乌玛文献。每条记录均包含遵循BDTNS规范的文本校勘本、转写及引用信息，为清晰起见偶有简化。记录内容涵盖男性捐赠者及其身份等级（Order）的捐赠信息。通过本数据集可得出结论：乌尔第三王朝时期，绝大多数乃至全部男性捐赠者均为UN-il2（佣工阶层）。 ## 研究范围与方法 ● 语料覆盖范围：2023年前可在BDTNS中检索到的所有提及男性捐赠者的已知乌尔第三王朝乌玛文献。 ● 转写规范：除另有说明外，均遵循BDTNS规范；所有苏美尔语词汇均添加下划线。 ● 研究假设：可通过各类语境中的身份等级识别男性个体。 ● 研究局限：部分男性个体难以在多篇文献中进行身份识别，尤其是涉及他们的等级身份时。 ● 不确定性说明：当解读或补全存在不确定性时，记录将标注(?)，详见数据集注释。 未来版本将补充更多出土地点信息及其他细节。 ## 数据格式 ● 文件类型：CSV（UTF-8编码，表格格式） ● 核心字段：捐赠文本（Text (Donation)）、捐赠BDTNS编号（BDTNS (Donation)）、捐赠CDLI（楔形文字数字图书馆计划，Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative）编号（CDLI (Donation)）、捐赠行号（Line(s) (Donation)）、姓名（Name）、身份等级（Order）、等级相关文本（Text(s) (Order)）、等级相关BDTNS编号（BDTNS (Order)）、等级相关CDLI编号（CDLI (Order)）、等级相关行号（Line(s) (Order)）、数量（Count）、注释（Comment(s)）。 ● 源元数据：尽可能提供CDLI与BDTNS标识符。 ## 致谢 感谢亚当·安德森（Adam Anderson）在FAIR（可发现、可访问、可互操作、可复用）合规数据出版及仓储最佳实践方面提供的指导。 ## 引言 本表格包含2023年前检索到的乌尔第三王朝乌玛文献中男性捐赠者相关数据（关于个体捐赠的内容详见Bartash 2025）。所有引用与转写均遵循BDTNS规范（引用内容偶有简化），除非另有说明；所有苏美尔语文本均添加下划线。缩写遵循CDLI规范。本文所讨论的男性个体通过其社会地位（亦称身份等级，Order）进行识别，涵盖公民、UN-il2及奴隶群体（Pottorf 2025）。多次捐赠的个体仅统计其首次出现的记录。若某篇文献中已知一名或多名男性捐赠者为UN-il2，则同一文献中其他身份等级不明的男性捐赠者大概率也为UN-il2。在典型密封收据中标记为AŠ的个体被视为可能属于UN-il2阶层。该现象较为少见，目前已知数名此类个体确为UN-il2，例如SNAT 332 正八行与UTI 4 2724 正八行中的Lu-Ninura（校勘为：AŠ 0.0.4 Lu2-dNin-ur4-ra）、BDTNS 194959 正四行与Nisaba 6 17 正二栏六行中的Šara-maDU、CUSAS 39 129 正六栏十行与Princeton 1 377 正一行中的Šara-kam、BDTNS 194959 正一行与CST 880 正二栏十四'中的Ur-Damu（或Ur-Dani）；以及行政管理机构，Diss., T. 12, Talon-Vanderroost 5, 230 反一栏三行，与AnOr 7 212 正一至二行、CUSAS 39 136 正九行、MVN 10 102 正一行六中的Ur-Enlila。关于CDLI P235514的转写，详见CDLI。OrNS 84, 149与UTI 3 2283（内容几乎完全一致）因记录的是土地依附个体的捐赠而被剔除。意见或疑问可发送至[e-mail]。 ## 参考文献 巴尔塔什, 维塔利. 2025. “作为捐赠品的人类与早期美索不达米亚的神庙奴隶制问题”. 载于《古代美索不达米亚的奴隶制与自由之外》, 维塔利·巴尔塔什与安德鲁·波特夫编辑, 第49-82页. JANEH 12.1. 波特夫, 安德鲁·理查德. 2022. “乌尔第三王朝（约公元前2100-2000年）南美索不达米亚的社会分层”. 哈佛大学博士论文. ———. 2025. “乌尔第三王朝时期作为类奴仆社会阶层的UN-il2”. 载于《古代美索不达米亚的奴隶制与自由之外》, 维塔利·巴尔塔什与安德鲁·波特夫编辑, 第83-113页. JANEH 12.1. ## 版本与未来更新 ● 版本1（2026年1月6日）：首次公开发布。 ● 计划中的版本2将补充更多出土地点信息及其他细节。 ● 最新版本始终可通过Zenodo DOI着陆页获取。 ## 关键词 美索不达米亚 • 乌尔第三王朝时期 • 苏美尔语 • 楔形文字 • BDTNS • CDLI • 捐赠个体 ## 联系方式 安德鲁·波特夫 📧 [e-mail] ORCID: 0000-0002-7842-5979