Diversity of ferns and lycophytes in Brazil

Abstract This compilation of ferns and lycophytes in Brazil is an update of the one published in 2010 in Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. The methodology consisted in collecting data from regional checklists, taxonomic revisions, and selected databases. Invited specialists improved the list accessing a website housed at the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. The results show 1,253 species: 1,111 of ferns and 142 of lycophytes. This number is 6.5% higher than the previous one (1,176 spp.). The percentage of endemic species decreased from 38.2% to 36.7%. We recognized 36 families and 133 genera (vs. 33 families, 121 genera in 2010). The 10 most diverse families are Pteridaceae (196 spp.), Dryopteridaceae (179), Polypodiaceae (164), Hymenophyllaceae (90), Thelypteridaceae (86), Aspleniaceae (78), Lycopodiaceae (64), Selaginellaceae (55), Anemiaceae (51), and Cyatheaceae (45). The three most diverse genera are still Elaphoglossum (87 spp.), Thelypteris (85), and Asplenium (74). The richest phytogeographic domain continues to be in the Atlantic Rainforest with 883 species which also has the largest number of endemic and threatened species, followed by the Amazon Rainforest (503), Cerrado (269), Pantanal (30), Caatinga (26), and Pampa (eight). Minas Gerais remains as the richest state (657 spp. vs. 580 in 2010).摘要：本次巴西蕨类与石松类植物汇编系对2010年发表于《巴西植物与真菌名录》（Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil）的同类汇编的更新版本。本研究的方法为：从区域物种名录、分类学修订文献及精选数据库中采集相关数据；受邀专家通过里约热内卢植物园（Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro）搭建的专属在线平台对该名录进行了完善。研究结果显示，本次汇编共收录1253个物种，其中蕨类1111种，石松类142种，该数量较2010年版的1176个物种提升了6.5%。特有物种占比从38.2%降至36.7%。本次汇编共确认36个科、133个属（2010年版为33个科、121个属）。物种丰富度排名前十的科依次为：凤尾蕨科（Pteridaceae，196种）、鳞毛蕨科（Dryopteridaceae，179种）、水龙骨科（Polypodiaceae，164种）、膜蕨科（Hymenophyllaceae，90种）、金星蕨科（Thelypteridaceae，86种）、铁角蕨科（Aspleniaceae，78种）、石松科（Lycopodiaceae，64种）、卷柏科（Selaginellaceae，55种）、密穗蕨科（Anemiaceae，51种）以及桫椤科（Cyatheaceae，45种）。物种丰富度排名前三的属仍为舌蕨属（Elaphoglossum，87种）、金星蕨属（Thelypteris，85种）以及铁角蕨属（Asplenium，74种）。物种丰富度最高的植物地理区仍为大西洋森林，共收录883种，同时该区域的特有物种与受威胁物种数量也最多；其后依次为亚马逊雨林（503种）、塞拉多稀树草原（269种）、潘塔纳尔湿地（30种）、卡廷加灌丛（26种）以及潘帕斯草原（8种）。物种丰富度最高的行政区域仍为米纳斯吉拉斯州（Minas Gerais），共收录657种（2010年版为580种）。