DataSheet1_Sensory Disturbance by Six Insecticides in the Range of μg/L in Caenorhabditis elegans.doc

Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model, the possible toxic effects of six insecticides (dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, and sulfoxaflor) commonly used in agriculture on sensory perception were examined. The sensory behaviors of thermotaxis, avoidance of copper ion, chemotaxis to NaCl, and chemotaxis to diacetyl were measured to investigate the damage on sensory perceptions in nematodes exposed to the examined insecticides in the range of micrograms per liter (μg/L). Exposure to dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, or sulfoxaflor at concentrations of 10–100 μg/L resulted in severe deficits in sensory perceptions to temperature, copper ion, NaCl, and diacetyl. The relative neurotoxicity of the six insecticides examined to C. elegans were shown as dinotefuran > thiamethoxam > thiacloprid > nitenpyram > acetamiprid > sulfoxaflor. Moreover, post-treatment with the antioxidant ascorbate effectively suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species and damages of sensory perceptions induced by the six insecticides, indicating that the activation of oxidative stress can act as an important cellular contributor to the observed damage of the examined insecticides in affecting sensory perceptions. Our data highlighted the potential toxicity of the six insecticides at low concentrations in inducing sensory disturbance to environmental organisms.

本研究以秀丽隐杆线虫（Caenorhabditis elegans）为模式动物，探究了农业生产中常用的6种杀虫剂——呋虫胺（dinotefuran）、噻虫嗪（thiamethoxam）、噻虫啉（thiacloprid）、烯啶虫胺（nitenpyram）、啶虫脒（acetamiprid）与氟啶虫胺腈（sulfoxaflor）——对其感官感知的潜在毒性效应。本研究通过测定趋温性、铜离子回避行为、NaCl趋化性与丁二酮趋化性四类感官行为，以探究微克每升（μg/L）浓度范围内的受试杀虫剂对秀丽隐杆线虫感官感知造成的损伤。当线虫暴露于10~100 μg/L的上述6种杀虫剂环境中时，其对温度、铜离子、NaCl及丁二酮的感官感知均出现严重缺陷。受试6种杀虫剂对秀丽隐杆线虫的相对神经毒性依次为：呋虫胺＞噻虫嗪＞噻虫啉＞烯啶虫胺＞啶虫脒＞氟啶虫胺腈。此外，经抗氧化剂抗坏血酸（ascorbate）处理后，受试6种杀虫剂诱导产生的活性氧（reactive oxygen species）生成与感官感知损伤均得到有效抑制，这表明氧化应激的激活是受试杀虫剂干扰线虫感官感知的重要细胞介导机制。本研究数据凸显了低浓度下该6种杀虫剂可引发环境生物感官紊乱的潜在毒性。