HYPOTHYROIDISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY: RISK FACTORS, EARLY DIAGNOSIS, AND WAYS TO PREVENT COMPLICATIONS

This article examines the relationship between hypothyroidism and cardiovascular pathology, with particular emphasis on risk factors, early diagnosis, and prevention of complications. The review shows that thyroid hormone deficiency may contribute to dyslipidemia, bradycardia, impaired cardiac function, and a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors, all of which can worsen patient outcomes if hypothyroidism is not recognized in time. The article also highlights the importance of laboratory confirmation using thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine for early detection, especially in patients with nonspecific symptoms or pre-existing cardiovascular disease. In addition, the review emphasizes that prevention of cardiovascular complications depends not only on diagnosis itself, but also on adequate long-term treatment and follow-up. Thus, the article supports the view that hypothyroidism should be considered not only as an endocrine disorder, but also as a clinically significant condition in cardiovascular medicine.本综述探讨甲状腺功能减退症（hypothyroidism）与心血管病理之间的关联，重点聚焦危险因素、早期诊断及并发症预防。本综述表明，甲状腺激素缺乏可引发血脂异常、心动过缓、心功能受损，并加重心血管危险因素负荷；若未能及时确诊甲状腺功能减退症，上述异常均会恶化患者预后。本文还强调，采用促甲状腺激素（thyroid-stimulating hormone）与游离甲状腺素（free thyroxine）进行实验室确诊，对早期发现疾病具有重要意义，尤其适用于存在非特异性症状或已罹患心血管疾病的患者。此外，该综述指出，心血管并发症的预防不仅依赖于疾病诊断本身，还需辅以充分的长期治疗与随访。综上，本文支持如下观点：甲状腺功能减退症不仅应被视为一种内分泌疾病，亦应作为心血管医学领域具有临床意义的病症加以重视。