Supplementary Material for: Comparing the effect of pre-biopsy rectal cleaning together with biopsy needle disinfection to each technique alone on hospitalization rates because of post-biopsy infections.

Introduction: To compare the effects of three techniques: biopsy needle disinfection with 10% formalin solution, povidone-iodine rectal cleaning, and the use of both methods to decrease hospitalization due to infectious complications after transrectal prostate biopsy.
Methods: A total of 827 patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 patient data were analyzed retrospectively, while groups 2 and 3 patients were followed up prospectively. Group 1 included 361 patients who underwent biopsy needle disinfection with a 10% formalin solution. Group 2 included 235 patients who underwent biopsy needle disinfection and povidone-iodine rectal cleaning. Group 3 included 231 patients who underwent povidone-iodine rectal cleaning only. The outcome scale was the number of patients hospitalized for biopsy-related infection 30 days after the date of transrectal prostate biopsy.
Results: The hospitalization rates due to biopsy-related infectious complications were 3.0%, 0%, and 1.7% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The only statistically significant difference was found between Groups 1 and 2.
Conclusion: Biopsy needle disinfection and rectal cleaning with povidone-iodine seem to have greater potential to reduce infectious complications when applied together. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

引言：本研究旨在对比三种干预手段的效果——10%福尔马林溶液（formalin solution）消毒活检针（biopsy needle）、聚维酮碘（povidone-iodine）直肠清洁，以及联合使用上述两种方法，以降低经直肠前列腺活检（transrectal prostate biopsy）术后感染并发症导致的住院风险。
方法：本研究共纳入827例患者，分为3组。第1组患者数据采用回顾性分析，第2、3组患者则接受前瞻性随访。第1组包含361例接受10%福尔马林溶液消毒活检针处理的患者；第2组包含235例联合实施活检针消毒与聚维酮碘直肠清洁的患者；第3组包含231例仅接受聚维酮碘直肠清洁的患者。本研究的结局评价指标为经直肠前列腺活检术后30天内因活检相关感染并发症住院的患者数量。
结果：第1、2、3组的活检相关感染并发症住院率分别为3.0%、0%及1.7%。仅第1组与第2组之间的差异具有统计学意义。
结论：联合应用活检针消毒与聚维酮碘直肠清洁，似乎能更有效地降低感染并发症的发生风险。未来需开展更多前瞻性研究以验证本研究结果。