Table_1_Effect of yeast culture supplementation in sows during late gestation and lactation on growth performance, antioxidant properties, and intestinal microorganisms of offspring weaned piglets.docx

IntroductionThe effects of maternal addition of yeast cultures on offspring gut development and intestinal microorganisms are not yet known, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal addition of yeast cultures to the diet of sows during late gestation and lactation on growth performance, antioxidant properties and intestinal microorganisms of offspring weaned piglets.
Methods40 Landrace × Yorkshire sows (3–7 of parity) with similar backfat were randomly divided into two treatment groups: control diet (CON) and control diet +2.0 g/kg yeast culture (XPC), and the trial started on day 90 of gestation and ended on day 21 of lactation.
ResultsThe results showed that maternal addition of yeast culture significantly increased weaned piglet weight and mean daily gain (p < 0.05), with a tendency to increase litter weight gain (p = 0.083) and liver weight (p = 0.076) compared to the control group. The content of thymus malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and the content of colon total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the offspring weaned piglets of the XPC group compared to the control group. The expression of thymus SOD1 and SOD2, spleen SOD1, jejunum SOD2, and colon GPX1, SOD1, and SOD2 were significantly downregulated in the XPC group of offspring weaned piglets compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The intestinal morphology and the content of short-chain fatty acids in colonic chyme did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the XPC group significantly increased the relative abundance of colonic chyme Bacteroidetes (p < 0.05), tended to decrease the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (p = 0.078), and tended to increase the relative abundance of Alloprevotella (p = 0.055). The XPC group significantly upregulated Blautia and Fournierella (p < 0.05) and significantly downregulated Candidatus_Competibacter, Nitrospira, Dechloromonas, Haliangium, and Oscillospira (p < 0.05).
DiscussionIn conclusion, maternal addition of yeast cultures improved the growth performance of offspring weaned piglets and changed the intestinal microbial community, but did not improve their antioxidant performance.

引言：目前，母体添加酵母培养物对子代肠道发育及肠道微生物的影响尚不明确。本研究旨在探究妊娠晚期及泌乳期母猪日粮中添加酵母培养物对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力及肠道微生物的影响。
材料与方法：选取40头胎次为3~7胎、背膘厚度相近的长白×约克夏母猪，随机分为2个处理组：基础日粮组（CON），以及基础日粮添加2.0 g/kg酵母培养物（XPC）组；试验于妊娠第90天启动，至泌乳第21天结束。
结果：研究显示，与对照组相比，母体添加酵母培养物可显著提高断奶仔猪体重及平均日增重（p<0.05），并有提高窝增重（p=0.083）与肝脏重量的趋势（p=0.076）。XPC组子代断奶仔猪的胸腺丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高（p<0.05），而结肠总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著降低（p<0.05）。与对照组相比，XPC组子代断奶仔猪的胸腺SOD1、SOD2，脾脏SOD1，空肠SOD2，以及结肠GPX1、SOD1、SOD2的表达量均显著下调（p<0.05）。两组仔猪的肠道形态及结肠食糜短链脂肪酸含量均无显著差异（p>0.05）。与对照组相比，XPC组结肠食糜拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的相对丰度显著升高（p<0.05），有降低乳酸杆菌属（Lactobacillus）相对丰度的趋势（p=0.078），并有提高普雷沃氏菌属（Alloprevotella）相对丰度的趋势（p=0.055）。此外，XPC组可显著上调布劳特氏菌属（Blautia）与Fournierella的相对丰度（p<0.05），并显著下调Candidatus_Competibacter、硝化螺旋菌属（Nitrospira）、Dechloromonas、Haliangium及颤螺菌属（Oscillospira）的相对丰度（p<0.05）。
讨论：综上，母体日粮添加酵母培养物可改善子代断奶仔猪的生长性能并改变肠道微生物群落结构，但未提升其抗氧化能力。