Overview of scales used for the hypotheses tests.

Background
Preregistration, the open science practice of specifying and registering details of a planned study prior to knowing the data, increases the transparency and reproducibility of research. Large-scale replication attempts for psychological results yielded shockingly low success rates and contributed to an increasing demand for open science practices among psychologists. However, preregistering one’s studies is still not the norm in the field. Here, we conducted a study to explore possible reasons for this discrepancy.
Methods
In a mixed-methods approach, we conducted an online survey assessing attitudes, motivations, and perceived obstacles with respect to preregistration. Respondents (N = 289) were psychological researchers that were recruited through their publications on Web of Science, PubMed, PSYNDEX, and PsycInfo, and preregistrations on OSF Registries. Based on the theory of planned behavior, we predicted that positive attitudes (moderated by the perceived importance of preregistration) as well as a favorable subjective norm and higher perceived behavioral control positively influence researchers’ intention to preregister (directional hypothesis 1). Furthermore, we expected an influence of research experience on attitudes and perceived motivations and obstacles regarding preregistration (non-directional hypothesis 2). We analyzed these hypotheses with multiple regression models and included preregistration experience as a control variable.
Results
Researchers’ attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and the perceived importance of preregistration significantly predicted researchers’ intention to use preregistration in the future (see hypothesis 1). Research experience influenced both researchers’ attitudes and their perception of motivations to preregister, but not the perception of obstacles (see hypothesis 2). Descriptive reports on researchers’ attitudes, motivations and obstacles regarding preregistration are provided.
Discussion
Many researchers had already preregistered and had a rather positive attitude toward preregistration. Nevertheless, several obstacles were identified that may be addressed to improve and foster preregistration.

背景
预注册（preregistration）是指在获取研究数据前，明确并注册计划中研究的各项细节的开放科学实践，能够提升研究的透明度与可重复性。针对心理学研究结果的大规模重复尝试得到了极低的成功率，这推动了心理学研究者对开放科学实践的需求不断增长。然而，在心理学领域，研究预注册仍未成为常规操作。本研究旨在探究这一差异背后的潜在原因。

方法
本研究采用混合研究方法，开展一项线上调查以评估研究者对预注册的态度、动机以及感知到的障碍。本次调查共纳入289名受访者，均为通过其在Web of Science、PubMed、PSYNDEX及PsycInfo数据库发表的成果，以及OSF注册库（OSF Registries）中的预注册信息招募的心理学研究者。基于计划行为理论（theory of planned behavior），本研究提出定向假设1：积极的态度（受预注册感知重要性的调节）、良好的主观规范以及更高的感知行为控制，均会正向影响研究者进行研究预注册的意愿。此外，本研究提出非定向假设2：研究经验会对研究者关于预注册的态度、感知动机与感知障碍产生影响。本研究采用多元回归模型对上述假设进行检验，并将预注册经历作为控制变量纳入分析。

结果
研究者对预注册的态度、主观规范、感知行为控制以及预注册的感知重要性，均能够显著预测研究者未来使用预注册的意愿，验证了假设1。研究经验会同时影响研究者的态度及其对预注册动机的感知，但不会影响其对预注册障碍的感知，验证了假设2。本研究同时提供了研究者关于预注册的态度、动机与障碍的描述性统计结果。

讨论
多数研究者已完成过研究预注册，且对预注册持较为积极的态度。尽管如此，本研究仍识别出若干可通过干预加以改善与推广的预注册障碍。