Prevalence and risk of potentially adverse drug interactions in the treatment of acute alcohol poisoning

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to determine the profile of acute alcohol poisoning and to estimate the risk of potentially adverse drug interactions (ADIs) in patients intoxicated by alcohol when attended in emergency care at hospital. A descriptive serial cross-sectional study was performed with 4,271 individuals intoxicated by alcohol, from January 2009 to July 2011. Possible correlations were measured by Pearson's chi-square test. The data show high consumption in the population, especially in males between 25 and 59 years. The main circumstances for poisoning were alcohol misuse (96.3%). After treatment complete recovery from the signs or symptoms of the poisoning was observed in 96.88% cases; and death in 0.70%. The demonstration of potential risk for ADIs in medical care included 300 medical records which contained a history of acute alcohol poisoning. Possible drug-drug interactions (44.2%) and drug-alcohol interactions (55.8%) were demonstrated in 60.60% of analyzed medical records. Among these cases, 3%, 92.4% and 4.6% were classified as mild, moderate and severe, respectively. The measurement of ADIs aims to prevent clinical complications in medical care for alcohol misuse disorders.

摘要 本研究旨在明确急性酒精中毒的临床特征，并评估医院急诊接诊的酒精中毒患者发生潜在药物不良相互作用（Potentially Adverse Drug Interactions, ADIs）的风险。本研究纳入2009年1月至2011年7月期间的4271名酒精中毒患者，采用描述性系列横断面研究设计，通过Pearson卡方检验分析相关关联。数据显示该人群酒精摄入水平较高，尤以25~59岁男性群体为甚。酒精滥用是引发中毒的主要诱因（占比96.3%）。经治疗后，96.88%的患者中毒相关体征与症状完全缓解，死亡率为0.70%。本研究针对300份有急性酒精中毒病史的病历开展分析以评估临床诊疗中ADIs的潜在风险，结果显示60.60%的分析病历中存在潜在相互作用，其中药物-药物相互作用占44.2%、药物-酒精相互作用占55.8%。在上述存在相互作用的病例中，轻度、中度与重度相互作用分别占3%、92.4%与4.6%。对ADIs的筛查与评估，旨在预防酒精滥用相关疾病诊疗过程中的临床并发症。