PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PHYSICAL FITNESS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ADOLESCENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

ABSTRACT Objective: To synthesize the evidence available in the literature on the relationship between the components of physical activity, physical fitness and academic achievement in adolescents. Methods: The review followed the methodological procedures described by PRISMA and was carried out in the Lilacs, Medline, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases. Quantitative empirical studies published as of 2006 were included. The following descriptors and keywords were used: “Motor activity”, “Physical fitness”, “Physical activity”, “Educational status”, “Academic achievement”, “Academic performance”, and their equivalents in Portuguese and Spanish. Results: The most widely investigated variable was physical fitness (45.5%) followed by physical activity (40.9%), whereas only three studies (13.6%) investigated both. Conclusion: Physical activity and physical fitness are positively associated with the academic achievement of adolescents. In more than 80% of studies the association was considered strong. The physical fitness component most frequently associated with academic achievement was cardiorespiratory fitness. Level of evidence II; Systematic review.摘要 研究目的：系统梳理现有文献中关于青少年身体活动（physical activity）、体适能（physical fitness）各维度与学业成就（academic achievement）之间的关联证据。 研究方法：本综述遵循PRISMA系统综述报告规范开展，检索数据库包括Lilacs、Medline、SciELO、PubMed、Web of Science及Science Direct。纳入2006年及以后发表的定量实证研究。本次检索采用的检索词包括：运动活动（Motor activity）、体适能（Physical fitness）、身体活动（Physical activity）、教育状况（Educational status）、学业成就（Academic achievement）、学业表现（Academic performance），以及其葡萄牙语和西班牙语对应表述。 研究结果：被探讨频次最高的变量为体适能（占比45.5%），其次为身体活动（占比40.9%）；仅有3项研究（占比13.6%）同时对二者的关联进行了探讨。 结论：身体活动与体适能均与青少年的学业成就呈正相关。在超过80%的纳入研究中，二者的关联被判定为强关联。与学业成就关联最为频繁的体适能维度为心肺适能（cardiorespiratory fitness）。本研究证据等级为Ⅱ级，属于系统综述。