Replication Data for: An Ontology of Peace: Landscapes of Conflict and Cooperation with Application to Colombia

Abstract: International relations scholarship on intrastate peace and conflict largely conceptualizes peace as an absence of war and, to some extent, the presence of a minimal degree of democracy. Empirically, scholars treat peace as a non-event, identifying it as the absence of military battles rather than (or in addition to) the presence of conflict-mitigating institutions or activities. This approach hearkens back to a bygone debate about negative and positive peace, and illustrates that negative peace conceptualizations dominate existing scholarship. In this article, we unpack the conceptual foundations of peace to account more fully for cooperation, rather than just violent conflict. We then operationalize this expanded conceptualization of peace through a latent variable measurement approach that carefully aggregates both conflict and cooperation events. We ground the measurement model in data from Colombia for the period of 1993 to 2012. In so doing, we present a new, empirically grounded ontology of peace that we expect could be useful for causal theorizing and testing in other work.

摘要：针对国内和平与冲突的国际关系学术研究，大多将和平概念化为无战争状态，并在一定程度上以存在最低限度的民主作为和平的判定标准。在实证层面，学者们将和平视作一种非事件（non-event），将其界定为无军事交战的状态，而非（或除无交战外）存在缓解冲突的制度或行动。这一研究路径可追溯至一场关于消极和平与积极和平的既往争论，同时凸显出消极和平的概念框架在现有学术研究中占据主导地位。本文中，我们拆解和平的概念基础，以期更全面地纳入合作维度，而非仅聚焦于暴力冲突。随后，我们通过潜变量测量方法（latent variable measurement approach）将这一扩展后的和平概念进行操作化，该方法会审慎地整合冲突与合作两类事件。我们以1993年至2012年的哥伦比亚数据作为测量模型的实证基础。借此，我们提出一种全新的、基于实证的和平本体论（ontology），我们认为该框架可为其他研究中的因果理论构建与检验提供助力。