data Ichneumonoidea forest and cassava amazon

Parasitoid Hymenoptera are key natural enemies of insect pests, playing an essential role in ecological balance and pest control in agroecosystems. Ichneumonoidea is the largest superfamily in the order, but its diversity in the Amazon remains understudied. This study aimed to assess the diversity of Ichneumonoidea parasitoids in native forest and cassava crop environments in Mâncio Lima, state of Acre, Brazil. Sampling was conducted using Malaise traps installed in forest and cassava areas over three 15-day periods between December 2020 and April 2021. Specimens were sorted and identified at family and subfamily levels under a stereomicroscope. A total of 1,649 Ichneumonoidea individuals were collected, comprising 32 subfamilies (15 Ichneumonidae and 17 Braconidae). The native forest exhibited significantly higher diversity and richness of Ichneumonidae compared to the cassava cropland, with a notable structural difference driven by the dominance of Cremastinae on the cropland. For Braconidae, while the overall composition of the community did not differ significantly between the habitats, the croplands were characterized by a highly female-biased sex ratio (88% females). These results indicate that while the cassava agroecosystem sustains a high abundance of certain key parasitoids, the adjacent native forest acts as a crucial reservoir for a wider diversity of the parasitoid community, highlighting the importance of forest remnants for maintaining the full suite of natural enemies in agricultural landscapes.

寄生性膜翅目（Hymenoptera）是害虫的重要天敌，在农业生态系统的生态平衡与害虫防控中发挥不可或缺的关键作用。姬蜂总科（Ichneumonoidea）是膜翅目中最大的总科，但目前学界对其在亚马逊地区的类群多样性研究仍较为匮乏。本研究旨在评估巴西阿克雷州曼西奥利马地区原生林与木薯种植生境中的姬蜂总科寄生蜂多样性。研究于2020年12月至2021年4月间，分3个为期15天的采样周期，在林地与木薯种植区布设马氏网（Malaise trap）开展采样。研究人员在体视显微镜下对标本进行分拣，并开展科级与亚科级阶元的分类鉴定。本次研究共采集到姬蜂总科标本1649头，隶属于32个亚科（其中姬蜂科（Ichneumonidae）15个亚科，茧蜂科（Braconidae）17个亚科）。与木薯种植生境相比，原生林内的姬蜂科类群多样性与丰富度均显著更高；两类生境的群落结构存在显著差异，种植区以脊姬蜂亚科（Cremastinae）占绝对优势为主要特征。对于茧蜂科而言，尽管两类生境的群落整体组成无显著差异，但种植区的性比呈现高度偏雌特征（雌性占比达88%）。本研究结果表明，尽管木薯农业生态系统可维持部分关键寄生蜂的较高种群数量，但邻近的原生林是支撑更广泛寄生蜂类群多样性的重要庇护所，这凸显了森林残存斑块对维持农业景观中完整天敌群落的重要意义。