Modulation of the atherosclerosis-related miRNA and target genes profile of endothelial cells by extra-virgin olive oil and sunflower oil. Raw sequence reads. Homo sapiens

BackgroundEndothelial cells are very involved in the development of atherosclerosis. They are very exposed to the effects of triglycerides-rich lipoprotein (TRLs). However, it is not known the effect that these TRLs can have on the miRNAs expression of endothelial cells according the type of diet.AimsWe wanted to analyze the differences between the effect of TRLs obtained after a high fat meal with two type of oil (extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and sunflower oil (SO)) on the miRNA profile involved in pathways related to atherosclerosis in HUVECs.ResultsWe found 28 upregulated differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs with EVOO-derived TRLs which could regulate 22 exclusive potential target genes related to atherosclerosis signaling. We also found 21 downregulated DE miRNAs with EVOO-derived TRLs (or upregulated with SO-derived TRLs) which could regulate 20 exclusive potential target genes related to atherosclerosis signaling. These miRNAs were mainly involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, with a predominance of an anti-angiogenic effect with EVOO-derived TRLs. Other miRNAs upregulated with SO-derived TRLs were involved in different cardiovascular diseases. Pathways for the exclusive potential target genes obtained from the upregulated DE miRNA with EVOO-derived TRLs were mainly involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory and defense response, while those with SO-derived TRLs were mainly involved in lipid metabolic process.ConclusionsEVOO-derived TRLs seem to produce a most favorable atheroprotective profile than SO-derived TRLs. This study provides alternative mechanisms and insights on the protective role of EVOO against atherogenic process through the regulation of miRNAs in endothelial cells.

背景 内皮细胞（endothelial cells）广泛参与动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis）的发生发展过程，且极易暴露于富含甘油三酯脂蛋白（triglycerides-rich lipoprotein, TRLs）的作用影响之下。但目前尚不明确，依据不同饮食类型，此类TRLs对内皮细胞微小RNA（miRNAs）表达所产生的具体调控效应。
目的 本研究旨在分析两种油脂（初榨橄榄油（extra virgin olive oil, EVOO）与葵花籽油（sunflower oil, SO））制备的高脂餐后所获取的TRLs，对人脐静脉内皮细胞（human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HUVECs）中参与动脉粥样硬化相关通路的微小RNA表达谱的影响差异。
结果 经初榨橄榄油来源的TRLs处理后，我们筛选得到28个上调的差异表达（differentially expressed, DE）微小RNA，其可调控22个与动脉粥样硬化信号通路相关的专属潜在靶基因；同时发现21个下调的DE微小RNA（经葵花籽油来源的TRLs处理后则呈现上调），其可调控20个与动脉粥样硬化信号通路相关的专属潜在靶基因。此类微小RNA主要参与血管生成的调控，其中初榨橄榄油来源的TRLs介导的效应以抗血管生成为主导。经葵花籽油来源的TRLs上调的其余微小RNA，则参与多种心血管疾病的病理过程。从初榨橄榄油来源的TRLs处理后上调的DE微小RNA所预测得到的专属潜在靶基因，其富集通路主要涉及脂质代谢、炎症与防御反应；而葵花籽油来源的TRLs对应的靶基因富集通路则主要聚焦于脂质代谢过程。
结论 相较于葵花籽油来源的TRLs，初榨橄榄油来源的TRLs可诱导出更具抗动脉粥样硬化保护效应的微小RNA表达谱。本研究揭示了初榨橄榄油通过调控内皮细胞内微小RNA表达，从而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化作用的潜在新机制与研究视角。