Equal distribution of resources index

Question: How equal is the distribution of resources?
Clarification: This component measures the extent to which resources --- both tangible and intangible --- are distributed in society. An equal distribution of resources supports egalitarian democracy in two ways. First, lower poverty rates and the distribution of goods and services such as food, water, housing, education and healthcare ensure that all individuals are capable of participating in politics and government. In short, basic needs must be met in order for individuals to effectively exercise their rights and freedoms see, for example, Sen 1999, Maslow 1943. Second, high levels of resource inequality undermine the ability of poorer populations to participate meaningfully Aristotle, Dahl 2006. Thus, it is necessary to include not only measures of poverty and the distribution of goods and services, but also the levels of inequality in these distributions, and the proportion of the population who are not eligible for social services i.e. means-tests, particularistic distribution, etc.. This principle also implies that social or economic inequalities can translate into political inequalities, an issue addressed most notably by Walzer 1983, who argues that overlapping "spheres" of inequality are particularly harmful to society. To address these overlapping "spheres", this component also includes measures of the distribution of power in society amongst different socio-economic groups, genders, etc.
Scale: Interval, from low to high (0-1).

Question: 资源分配的平等程度如何？
Clarification: 本组件用于衡量社会中有形与无形资源的分配均衡程度。资源的平等分配可从两方面支撑平等主义民主：其一，较低的贫困率与食品、饮用水、住房、教育、医疗等商品和服务的公平分配，能够确保所有个体均具备参与政治与政府事务的能力。简言之，个体若要切实行使自身权利与自由，必须先满足基本生活需求（可参考森1999、马斯洛1943的相关研究）。其二，高水平的资源不平等会削弱弱势群体有意义地参与公共事务的能力（亚里士多德、达尔2006）。因此，相关评估不仅需要涵盖贫困水平、商品与服务的分配状况，还需考量这些分配中的不平等程度，以及不符合社会服务申领资格的人口比例（即资格判定采用经济状况调查、特殊主义分配等模式的情形）。该原则同时表明，社会或经济层面的不平等可转化为政治不平等，这一议题最具代表性的论述来自沃尔泽1983，其提出重叠的不平等“领域”对社会的危害尤为显著。为应对此类重叠的不平等领域，本组件还纳入了衡量不同社会经济群体、性别等群体间社会权力分配情况的指标。
Scale: 定距量表（Interval），取值范围0至1，数值由低至高递增。